Luo Zhi, Zhou Falin, Jiang Song, Huang Jianhua, Yang Lishi, Yang Qibin, Shi Jianzhi, Li Erchao, Ma Zhenhua, Li Yundong
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.
Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 10;15:1510887. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510887. eCollection 2024.
Ammonia-N stress is a significant environmental factor that adversely affects the health and productivity of aquaculture species. This study investigates the effects of ammonia-N stress on the shrimp through a combination of biochemical, histological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Shrimp were exposed to ammonia-N stress for 12 and 96 hours, and key markers of oxidative stress, nitrogen metabolism, immune response, and overall health were assessed. The results showed that prolonged ammonia-N exposure causes significant hepatopancreatic damage, including atrophy and deformation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression related to apoptosis, immune response, and key metabolic pathways, with particular emphasis on the disruption of innate immune signaling and defense mechanisms. Metabolomic analysis identified disruptions in nucleotide turnover, antioxidant defenses, and fundamental metabolic processes. These findings suggest that ammonia-N stress induces a multifaceted stress response in shrimp, involving oxidative stress, immune activation, and metabolic disturbances. Understanding these immune-related and metabolic mechanisms provides valuable insights into the molecular responses of crustaceans to environmental stress, laying the foundation for assessing the ecological risk of ammonia-N and identifying potential immunological biomarkers for monitoring and mitigating its adverse effects in aquaculture systems.
氨氮胁迫是一个重要的环境因素，会对水产养殖物种的健康和生产力产生不利影响。本研究通过生化、组织学、转录组学和代谢组学分析相结合的方法，研究了氨氮胁迫对虾的影响。将虾暴露于氨氮胁迫12小时和96小时，并评估氧化应激、氮代谢、免疫反应和整体健康的关键标志物。结果表明，长期暴露于氨氮会导致显著的肝胰腺损伤，包括萎缩和变形。转录组学分析显示，与细胞凋亡、免疫反应和关键代谢途径相关的基因表达发生了显著变化，尤其强调了先天免疫信号传导和防御机制的破坏。代谢组学分析确定了核苷酸周转、抗氧化防御和基本代谢过程的紊乱。这些发现表明，氨氮胁迫在虾中诱导了多方面的应激反应，涉及氧化应激、免疫激活和代谢紊乱。了解这些免疫相关和代谢机制，为深入了解甲壳类动物对环境胁迫的分子反应提供了有价值的见解，为评估氨氮的生态风险以及识别潜在的免疫生物标志物奠定了基础，以便在水产养殖系统中监测和减轻其不利影响。
