Han Lulu, Yang Jinyu, Yan Peiyu, Wang Mengqiang
MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Seed Industry (preparatory), and Qingdao Institute of Maritime Silk Road (Qingdao Institute of Blue Seed Industry), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Seed Industry (preparatory), and Qingdao Institute of Maritime Silk Road (Qingdao Institute of Blue Seed Industry), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2025 May;166:105361. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2025.105361. Epub 2025 Mar 16.
Ammonia, nitrite and sulfide are major environmental stressors in aquaculture. They can injury tissue structure, interfere with the immune system, impair growth and development, and make aquatic animals more vulnerable to infections. In the present study, four groups were set up as Control group (no treatment), Ammonia group (30 mg/L ammonia-N), Nitrite group (60 mg/L nitrite-N) and Sulfide group (4 mg/L sulfide), so as to examine the effects of different environmental stressors on histopathology, immune indices and transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei. After 48 h stimulation, the results showed that all the three environmental stressors caused damage to the hepatopancreas, midgut, muscle and gill tissues of the shrimp, and that the hepatopancreas and midgut were the most seriously damaged and the muscle was the least affected. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity decreased in all the three treatment groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity decreased significantly in Sulfide group and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity increased significantly in Ammonia and Nitrite groups. In the hepatopancreas of the Ammonia, Nitrite, and Sulfide groups, transcriptome analysis revealed 709, 715 and 289 differential expressed gene (DEGs), respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment demonstrated that the three environmental stressors had an impact on the shrimp's immune response, metabolic processes, growth and development. The combination of histopathology, immune indicators, and transcriptome yielded that the Nitrite group had the most serious impact on the shrimp, followed by Ammonia group, while Sulfide group had the least impact.
氨、亚硝酸盐和硫化物是水产养殖中的主要环境应激源。它们会损伤组织结构，干扰免疫系统，损害生长发育，并使水生动物更容易受到感染。在本研究中，设置了四组，分别为对照组（不处理）、氨组（30 mg/L氨氮）、亚硝酸盐组（60 mg/L亚硝酸盐氮）和硫化物组（4 mg/L硫化物），以研究不同环境应激源对凡纳滨对虾组织病理学、免疫指标和转录组的影响。刺激48小时后，结果表明，这三种环境应激源均对虾的肝胰腺、中肠、肌肉和鳃组织造成了损伤，其中肝胰腺和中肠受损最严重，肌肉受影响最小。在所有三个处理组中，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）活性降低。硫化物组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性显著降低，氨组和亚硝酸盐组碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著升高。在氨组、亚硝酸盐组和硫化物组的肝胰腺中，转录组分析分别揭示了709、715和289个差异表达基因（DEG）。GO和KEGG富集分析表明，这三种环境应激源对虾的免疫反应、代谢过程、生长发育均有影响。综合组织病理学、免疫指标和转录组分析结果可知，亚硝酸盐组对虾的影响最严重，其次是氨组，而硫化物组的影响最小。
