Zhang Qiuxia, Wang Min, You Li, Chen Chen, Feng Jia, Song Miao, Yang Kui, Liu Xuexue, Li Guangrong, Liu Jinbo
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Biomol Biomed. 2025 Apr 3;25(5):976-985. doi: 10.17305/bb.2024.11450.
Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that poses a significant health risk to women. The complexity of basic BC research and clinical treatment is influenced by multiple factors, including age, fertility, hormone metabolism, molecular subtypes, and tumor grading and staging. Traditional in vitro models often fall short of meeting modern research demands, whereas organoids-an emerging 3D primary culture technology-offer a unique platform that better replicates the tumor microenvironment (TME). Coupled with advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, organoids have become increasingly valuable in biological and chemical research. Currently, the most widely used organoid model in BC research is the patient-derived organoid (PDO) model, which is generated directly from original tumor tissues. This paper aims to summarize the current status of PDO models across various BC subtypes, highlighting recent advances in genetics, mechanisms of drug resistance, identification of new therapeutic targets, and approaches to personalized treatment. In conclusion, the development of clinical precision medicine urgently requires in vitro models capable of accurately simulating the unique molecular subtypes of patients. This review will examine the challenges and future prospects of organoid models in BC research, offering new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of BC and paving the way for more effective personalized therapies.
乳腺癌（BC）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，对女性健康构成重大风险。基础乳腺癌研究和临床治疗的复杂性受到多种因素影响，包括年龄、生育能力、激素代谢、分子亚型以及肿瘤分级和分期。传统的体外模型往往无法满足现代研究需求，而类器官——一种新兴的三维原代培养技术——提供了一个能更好地模拟肿瘤微环境（TME）的独特平台。再加上高通量测序技术的进步，类器官在生物学和化学研究中变得越来越有价值。目前，乳腺癌研究中使用最广泛的类器官模型是患者来源类器官（PDO）模型，它直接从原始肿瘤组织中生成。本文旨在总结不同乳腺癌亚型中PDO模型的现状，突出遗传学、耐药机制、新治疗靶点的鉴定以及个性化治疗方法等方面的最新进展。总之，临床精准医学的发展迫切需要能够准确模拟患者独特分子亚型的体外模型。本综述将探讨类器官模型在乳腺癌研究中的挑战和未来前景，为乳腺癌的基本机制提供新见解，并为更有效的个性化治疗铺平道路。
