De Bonville Jeremy, Andreassen Anna H, Cowan Zara-Louise, Silva-Garay Lorena, Leeuwis Robine H J, Åsheim Eirik R, Speers-Roesch Ben, Raby Graham D, Binning Sandra A, Jutfelt Fredrik
Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 0B3, Canada.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
J Therm Biol. 2025 Jan;127:104024. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.104024. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Climate warming with associated heat waves presents a concerning challenge for ectotherms such as fishes. During heatwaves, the ability to rapidly acclimate can be crucial for survival. However, surprisingly little is known about how different species and life stages vary in their acclimation dynamics, including the magnitude of change in thermal tolerance through acclimation (i.e. acclimation capacity; also known as the acclimation response ratio, ARR), the duration needed for the novel acclimation temperature to significantly alter thermal tolerance from the initial level (which we term the response induction time, t), or the duration needed to achieve the new acclimation steady state (which we term the time to full acclimation, t). To shed light on this knowledge gap, we studied the acclimation dynamics of three wild-caught fishes (goldsinny wrasse, three-spined stickleback and European flounder) by assessing upper thermal tolerance (CT) after different periods of time acclimating to a warmed environment. We also measured both CT and lower thermal tolerance (CT) in juvenile and adult lab-bred zebrafish acclimated to a warmed environment. Upper thermal tolerance of zebrafish and sticklebacks significantly increased after a 3 h exposure to a warm treatment, while t took six and 24 h in the wrasse and flounder, respectively. Goldsinny wrasse had the highest ARR, and did not reach full acclimation of CT within the duration of the study (10 days). All other species fully acclimated within 4-10 days. Juvenile zebrafish showed similar acclimation dynamics to adults for both upper and lower thermal tolerance, but had a higher CT for all acclimation durations. Our results demonstrate that acclimation dynamics of thermal tolerance vary across species, but can be similar between life stages within species. Understanding species-specific thermal plasticity is important for accurately modeling the projected impacts of climate change.
气候变暖以及随之而来的热浪对鱼类等变温动物构成了严峻挑战。在热浪期间，快速适应的能力对生存至关重要。然而，令人惊讶的是，对于不同物种和生命阶段在适应动态方面的差异，包括通过适应（即适应能力；也称为适应反应比，ARR）使热耐受性发生变化的幅度、新的适应温度显著改变热耐受性从初始水平所需的持续时间（我们称之为反应诱导时间，t），或达到新的适应稳态所需的持续时间（我们称之为完全适应时间，t），我们了解得非常少。为了填补这一知识空白，我们通过评估三种野生捕获鱼类（黑背鼻鱼、三刺鱼和欧洲比目鱼）在适应温暖环境不同时间段后的上热耐受性（CT），研究了它们的适应动态。我们还测量了在温暖环境中适应的幼年和成年实验室养殖斑马鱼的CT和下热耐受性（CT）。斑马鱼和刺鱼在暴露于温暖处理3小时后，上热耐受性显著增加，而黑背鼻鱼和比目鱼的t分别为6小时和24小时。黑背鼻鱼的ARR最高，在研究期间（10天）内未达到CT的完全适应。所有其他物种在4 - 10天内完全适应。幼年斑马鱼在上热耐受性和下热耐受性方面表现出与成年斑马鱼相似的适应动态，但在所有适应持续时间内CT都更高。我们的结果表明，热耐受性的适应动态因物种而异，但在物种内的生命阶段之间可能相似。了解物种特异性的热可塑性对于准确模拟气候变化的预测影响非常重要。
