Leite Carla, Russo Tania, Polese Gianluca, Soares Amadeu M V M, Pretti Carlo, Pereira Eduarda, Freitas Rosa
Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 10;959:177995. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177995. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
Neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) are among the most commonly used rare earth elements (REEs) worldwide, leading to their increased concentrations in aquatic environments, with potential impacts on organisms. Additionally, organisms are also subjected to environmental stressors, such as salinity shifts, which can not only directly impact their health but also modulate the impacts of contaminants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Nd and Dy on adult mussels and sperm of the species Mytilus galloprovincialis after 28 days and 30 min of exposure, respectively. Furthermore, the study assessed how salinity shifts influence the effects of these elements. To this end, histopathological and biochemical alterations were evaluated in adults, while biochemical and physiological changes were analyzed in sperm. To simplify data interpretation and understand the overall impact of each treatment, Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) and the Integrated Biological Index (IBR) were used. The MDS analysis identified three groups that were consistent with the IBR score. The first group, composed of the treatments at a salinity of 40, showed medium to severe effects. The second group was comprised of the treatments at control salinity (30), which presented the lowest IBR scores, indicating the least impact. The third group, which included the treatments at a salinity of 20, was associated with the most severe impacts, with Dy and Nd presenting the highest IBR scores. The results showed that salinity was the most predominant factor in this study, with the lower salinity being the most harmful. In addition, within each salinity level, Dy was the element that induced the highest response in this species. This study provides valuable information regarding the impacts of the interaction between REEs and salinity shifts, highlighting the importance of such research in mitigating the effects of pollution and climate change on marine ecosystems.
钕（Nd）和镝（Dy）是全球最常用的稀土元素（REEs），导致它们在水生环境中的浓度增加，对生物可能产生影响。此外，生物还会受到环境压力因素的影响，例如盐度变化，这不仅会直接影响它们的健康，还会调节污染物的影响。因此，本研究旨在分别评估钕和镝在暴露28天和30分钟后对成年贻贝和加利福尼亚贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）精子的影响。此外，该研究还评估了盐度变化如何影响这些元素的作用。为此，对成年个体进行了组织病理学和生化改变评估，同时对精子进行了生化和生理变化分析。为了简化数据解释并了解每种处理的总体影响，使用了多维尺度分析（MDS）和综合生物指数（IBR）。MDS分析确定了与IBR评分一致的三组。第一组由盐度为40的处理组成，显示出中度至重度影响。第二组由对照盐度（30）的处理组成，其IBR评分最低，表明影响最小。第三组包括盐度为20的处理，与最严重的影响相关，镝和钕的IBR评分最高。结果表明，盐度是本研究中最主要的因素，较低的盐度危害最大。此外，在每个盐度水平内，镝是该物种中引起最高反应的元素。本研究提供了有关稀土元素与盐度变化相互作用影响的有价值信息，突出了此类研究在减轻污染和气候变化对海洋生态系统影响方面的重要性。
