Ge Qin, Zhang Han-Yue, Mi Zhen-Hua, Shao Zheng, Li Xiang
School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Prospecting Research Institute, Nanchang 330001, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):239-252. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202312259.
The identification of distribution characteristics, pollution sources, and potential human health risks of heavy metals in groundwater is crucial for the scientific planning and rational development of groundwater resources in arid-semiarid regions. In this study, 46 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using hydrogeochemical modeling and multivariate statistical analysis methods to reveal the pollution characteristics and speciation distribution of 11 heavy metals （As, B, Pb, Sb, Tl, Mn, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, and Al） in the Datong Basin. The absolute principal component-linear regression （APCS-MLR） model and health risk assessment model （HRA） were employed to determine the sources and health risk levels of heavy metals in groundwater. The results showed that： ① As, B, Pb, Sb, and Tl in groundwater exceeded the Class Ⅲ groundwater quality standards, indicating severe pollution, while Mn showed mild pollution, with heavy metal concentrations generally higher in the central region compared to those in the southern, eastern, and western regions. ② The predominant speciation forms of As, B, Pb, Sb, and Tl were HAsO（91.71%）, HBO（97.61%）, PbCO（88.08%）, Sb（OH）（99.81%）, and Tl（94.84%）, respectively, with pH being one of the key factors affecting the distribution of heavy metal species. ③ The main sources of heavy metal pollution were soil migration sources （Co, Cd, and Cr）, industrial sources （Al, Pb, Sb, and B）, mining sources （Tl and Mn）, and natural sources （Ba and As）, with industrial sources accounting for the largest proportion （34%）, followed by natural sources （29%）, mining sources （20%）, and soil migration sources （18%）. The health risk assessment results for specific sources of heavy metals indicated that industrial activities and natural sources were the main contributors to the carcinogenic risk for adults （54.68%） and children （67.51%）, with As posing the highest carcinogenic risk. Mining activities were the major contributor to non-carcinogenic risk （56.69% for adults, 56.97% for children）, with higher risks associated with Tl and As.
确定地下水中重金属的分布特征、污染源及潜在的人体健康风险，对于干旱 - 半干旱地区地下水资源的科学规划和合理开发至关重要。本研究采集了46个地下水样本，采用水文地球化学模型和多元统计分析方法进行分析，以揭示大同盆地11种重金属（砷、硼、铅、锑、铊、锰、钡、镉、钴、铬和铝）的污染特征和形态分布。运用绝对主成分 - 线性回归（APCS - MLR）模型和健康风险评估模型（HRA）来确定地下水中重金属的来源和健康风险水平。结果表明：①地下水中的砷、硼、铅、锑和铊超过了Ⅲ类地下水水质标准，表明污染严重，而锰呈现轻度污染，中部地区重金属浓度普遍高于南部、东部和西部地区。②砷、硼、铅、锑和铊的主要形态分别为HAsO（91.71%）、HBO（97.61%）、PbCO（88.08%）、Sb(OH)（99.81%）和Tl（94.84%），pH值是影响重金属形态分布的关键因素之一。③重金属污染的主要来源是土壤迁移源（钴、镉和铬）、工业源（铝、铅、锑和硼）、采矿源（铊和锰）和自然源（钡和砷），其中工业源占比最大（34%），其次是自然源（29%）、采矿源（20%）和土壤迁移源（18%）。特定重金属源的健康风险评估结果表明，工业活动和自然源是成人（54.68%）和儿童（67.51%）致癌风险的主要贡献者，其中砷的致癌风险最高。采矿活动是非致癌风险的主要贡献者（成人56.69%，儿童56.97%），铊和砷的风险较高。
