Zhou Si-Hao, Wang Mei-Qi, Song Yao, Niu Hong-Jin, Zhao Jing-Wei, Hou Rui-Nan, Chen Xiao-Bo, Huang Ya-Li
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):532-542. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202312205.
Straw incorporation can improve soil fertility and soil structure. While numerous studies have explored the immediate impacts of straw return on soil properties and crop production, the legacy effects of long-term straw return remain less understood. In this study, the straw returning soil of a continuous 15 years （SS） and non-straw returning soil （NS） were collected from Dahe Experimental Station of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in China. The simulation experiments of subsequent straw return were carried out in pots by adding straw to the two types of soil （SS and NS）, in which the degradation rate of straw was determined using the sandbag method, the number of culturable microorganisms was counted through a dilution coating plate, and microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing. The findings revealed that compared with that in NS, SS significantly increased the degradation rate of 15 d and 30 d straw by 14.16% and 26.57%； the number of soil culturable fungi in 0-60 days by 43.10%-185.92%； and the number of cellulose-degrading bacteria by 55.12%-92.04% at 0 d, 42 d, and 56 d. Additionally, after straw returning for seven days, the bacterial ACE index, fungal ACE index, and Chao1 index in SS were lower than those in NS, indicating that the microbial community richness in SS was significantly reduced. At the phylum level of bacteria, the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Rokubacteria, and Planctomycetes in SS increased observably, with an increase of 25.92%-45.17%. The relative abundances of the phyla of fungi such as Olpidiomycota, Zoopagomycota, and Glomeromycota increased markedly, with an increase of 12.09%-176.00%. At the genus level of bacteria, the relative abundances of uncultured_bacterium_c_ and uncultured_bacterium_o_ in SS increased significantly, with an increase of 28.91%-31.26%, and at the genus level of fungi, the relative abundances of , and were significantly increased by 2.98%-8.79%. Network analysis showed the SS bacterial network had a higher interaction degree and network connection, and the fungal network structure was more complex and stable than that of the NS. RDA results showed that soil microbial community composition was significantly correlated with straw degradation rate. SS showed obvious legacy effects on straw degradation, the number of soil culturable microorganisms, and population structure in a certain period, and the microbial flora of SS was more conducive to the degradation of the straws.
秸秆还田可以提高土壤肥力和土壤结构。虽然众多研究探讨了秸秆还田对土壤性质和作物生产的直接影响，但长期秸秆还田的遗留效应仍鲜为人知。本研究从中国河北省农林科学院大河实验站采集了连续15年秸秆还田的土壤（SS）和非秸秆还田的土壤（NS）。通过向这两种土壤（SS和NS）中添加秸秆在花盆中进行后续秸秆还田的模拟实验，其中使用沙袋法测定秸秆降解率，通过稀释涂布平板法计数可培养微生物数量，并使用高通量测序对微生物群落进行表征。研究结果表明，与NS相比，SS显著提高了15天和30天秸秆的降解率分别为14.16%和26.57%；0至60天土壤可培养真菌数量增加了43.10% - 185.92%；0天、42天和56天时纤维素降解菌数量增加了55.12% - 92.04%。此外，秸秆还田七天后，SS中的细菌ACE指数、真菌ACE指数和Chao1指数低于NS，表明SS中的微生物群落丰富度显著降低。在细菌的门水平上，SS中酸杆菌门、罗库菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度明显增加，增幅为25.92% - 45.17%。壶菌门、接合菌门和球囊菌门等真菌门的相对丰度显著增加，增幅为12.09% - 176.00%。在细菌的属水平上，SS中uncultured_bacterium_c_和uncultured_bacterium_o_的相对丰度显著增加，增幅为28.91% - 31.26%，在真菌的属水平上， 、 和 的相对丰度显著增加了2.98% - 8.79%。网络分析表明，SS细菌网络具有更高的相互作用程度和网络连接性，且真菌网络结构比NS的更复杂和稳定。RDA结果表明，土壤微生物群落组成与秸秆降解率显著相关。SS在一定时期内对秸秆降解、土壤可培养微生物数量和种群结构表现出明显的遗留效应，且SS的微生物区系更有利于秸秆的降解。
