Progress, Pitfalls, and Impact of AI-Driven Clinical Trials.

Since the deep learning revolution of the early 2010s, significant efforts and billions of dollars have been invested in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to drug discovery and development (AIDD). However, despite high expectations, few AI-discovered or AI-designed drugs have entered human clinical trials, and none have achieved clinical approval. In this perspective, we examine the challenges impeding progress and highlight opportunities to harness AI's potential in transforming drug discovery and development.