Kaur Manmehar, Sinha Kshitija, Eastmond Peter J, Bhunia Rupam Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (NABI), Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
Plant Cell Rep. 2024 Dec 26;44(1):12. doi: 10.1007/s00299-024-03390-w.
In the past decade, there has been an emerging gap between the demand and supply of vegetable oils globally for both edible and industrial use. Lipids are important biomolecules with enormous applications in the industrial sector and a major source of energy for animals and plants. Hence, to elevate the lipid content through metabolic engineering, new strategies have come up for triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and in raising the lipid or oil yield in crop plants. Increased levels of energy density can be achieved by single and multiple gene strategies that re-orient the carbon flux into TAG. Transcription factors and enzymes of the metabolic pathways have been targeted to foster lipid production. Oleosin, a structural protein of the lipid droplet plays a vital role in its stabilization and subsequently in its mobilization for seed germination and seedling growth. Maintenance of increased lipid content with optimal composition is a major target. Knowledge gained from genetic engineering strategies suggests that oleosin co-expression can result in a significant shift in carbon allocation to LDs. In this review, we present a detailed analysis of the recent advancements in metabolic engineering of plant lipids with emphasis on oleosin with its distinct patterns and functions in plants.
在过去十年中，全球植物油在食用和工业用途方面的供需差距日益显现。脂质是重要的生物分子，在工业领域有广泛应用，也是动植物的主要能量来源。因此，为了通过代谢工程提高脂质含量，出现了新的策略来促进三酰甘油（TAG）积累以及提高作物的脂质或油产量。通过将碳通量重新导向TAG的单基因和多基因策略，可以实现能量密度的提高。代谢途径的转录因子和酶已成为促进脂质生产的目标。油质蛋白是脂滴的一种结构蛋白，在其稳定以及随后用于种子萌发和幼苗生长的动员过程中起着至关重要的作用。维持增加的脂质含量并使其具有最佳组成是一个主要目标。从基因工程策略中获得的知识表明，油质蛋白的共表达可导致碳分配向脂滴的显著转变。在本综述中，我们详细分析了植物脂质代谢工程的最新进展，重点关注油质蛋白在植物中的独特模式和功能。
