National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Aug 26;15(9):1125. doi: 10.3390/genes15091125.
Triglycerides are the main storage form of oil in plant seeds. Both fatty acids and triglycerides possess important functions in the process of plant growth and development. To improve the seed oil content and improve its fatty acid composition, this paper analyzed the research progress on the oil regulation and synthesis metabolism process of plant seeds and summarized the strategies for the improvement of plant seed oil: (a) To regulate carbon distribution by inhibiting the expression of genes encoding key enzymes, allocating carbon sources into the protein synthesis pathway, and enhancing the expression of key genes encoding key enzymes, leading carbon sources into the synthesis pathway of fatty acids; (b) To intervene in lipid synthesis by promoting the biosynthesis of fatty acids and improving the expression level of key genes encoding enzymes in the triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly process; (c) To improve seed oil quality by altering the plant fatty acid composition and regulating the gene expression of fatty acid desaturase, as well as introducing an exogenous synthesis pathway of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; (d) To regulate the expression of transcription factors for lipid synthesis metabolism to increase the seed oil content. In addition, this article reviews the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of plant fatty acids, the synthesis of triacylglycerol, and the regulation process. It also summarizes the regulatory roles of transcription factors such as , , and on the key enzymes during the synthesis process. This review holds significant implications for research on the genetic engineering applications in plant seed lipid metabolism.
甘油三酯是植物种子中油的主要储存形式。脂肪酸和甘油三酯在植物生长发育过程中都具有重要功能。为了提高种子油含量和改善脂肪酸组成，本文分析了植物种子油脂调控和合成代谢过程的研究进展，并总结了提高植物种子油的策略：（a）通过抑制编码关键酶的基因的表达，将碳源分配到蛋白质合成途径中，增强编码关键酶的关键基因的表达，将碳源分配到脂肪酸合成途径中；（b）通过促进脂肪酸的生物合成和提高三酰基甘油（TAG）组装过程中关键酶编码基因的表达水平来干预脂质合成；（c）通过改变植物脂肪酸组成和调节脂肪酸去饱和酶的基因表达，以及引入外源长链多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径，来改善种子油的质量；（d）通过调节脂质合成代谢的转录因子的表达来增加种子油含量。此外，本文还综述了植物脂肪酸生物合成、三酰基甘油合成以及调控过程中涉及的关键酶，并总结了转录因子如 、 、 等在合成过程中对关键酶的调控作用。这篇综述对植物种子脂质代谢遗传工程应用的研究具有重要意义。
