Li Shiyu, Chen Yeru, Chen Gang
Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Brain Res Bull. 2025 Jan;220:111181. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111181. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
Cognitive disorders are a common clinical manifestation, including a deterioration in the patient's memory ability, attention, executive power, language, and other functions. The contributing factors of cognitive disorders are numerous and diverse in nature, including organic diseases and other mental disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases are a common type of organic disease related to the pathology of neuronal death and disruption of glial cell balance, ultimately accompanied with cognitive impairment. Thus, cognitive disorder frequently serves as an extremely critical indicator of neurodegenerative disorders. Cognitive impairments negatively affect patients' daily lives. However, our understanding of the precise pathogenic pathways of cognitive defects remains incomplete. The most prevalent kind of glial cells in the central nervous system are called astrocytes. They have a unique significance in cerebral function because of their wide range of functions in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system, regulating synaptic plasticity, and so on. Dysfunction of astrocytes is intimately linked to cognitive disorders, and we are attempting to understand this phenomenon predominantly from those perspectives: neuroinflammation, astrocytic senescence, connexin, Ca2 + signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the glymphatic system.
认知障碍是一种常见的临床表现，包括患者的记忆能力、注意力、执行能力、语言及其他功能的衰退。认知障碍的成因众多且性质各异，包括器质性疾病和其他精神障碍。神经退行性疾病是一种常见的器质性疾病，与神经元死亡的病理过程及神经胶质细胞平衡的破坏有关，最终会伴有认知障碍。因此，认知障碍常常是神经退行性疾病的一个极其关键的指标。认知障碍会对患者的日常生活产生负面影响。然而，我们对认知缺陷的确切致病途径的理解仍不完整。中枢神经系统中最普遍的神经胶质细胞类型是星形胶质细胞。它们在脑功能中具有独特的意义，因为它们在维持中枢神经系统内稳态、调节突触可塑性等方面具有广泛的功能。星形胶质细胞功能障碍与认知障碍密切相关，我们正试图主要从以下这些角度来理解这一现象：神经炎症、星形胶质细胞衰老、连接蛋白、钙离子信号传导、线粒体功能障碍和类淋巴系统。
