Ge Hongda, Zhu Wenxiu, Zhang Jing, Wang Zijing, Shi Huijing, Sun Jie, Shi Ming
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China.
Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 12;11:1512700. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1512700. eCollection 2024.
The interaction between the human breast milk microbiota and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) plays a crucial role in the healthy growth and development of infants. We aimed to clarify the link between the breast milk microbiota and HMOs at two stages of lactation.
The microbiota and HMOs of 20 colostrum samples (C group, 1-5 days postpartum) and 20 mature milk samples (S group, 42 days postpartum) collected from postpartum mothers were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
The total average HMO content was significantly higher in the C group than in the S group (6.76 ± 1.40 g/L vs. 10.27 ± 2.00 g/L, < 0.05). Among the HMOs, the average values of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL, 1.64 ± 1.54 g/L vs. 3.03 ± 1.79 g/L), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL, 0.10 ± 0.02 g/L vs. 0.21 ± 0.06), 6'-SL (0.22 ± 0.09 g/L vs. 0.33 ± 0.11 g/L), and lacto-N-triaose 2 (LNT2, 0.03 ± 0.01 g/L vs. 0.16 ± 0.08 g/L) were significantly lower in the S group than in the C group ( < 0.05), while that of 3'-FL was significantly higher in the S group than in the C group (1.35 ± 1.00 g/L vs. 0.41 ± 0.43 g/L, < 0.05). The diversity and structure of the microbiota in the S and C groups were also significantly different ( < 0.05). Comparative analysis of the microbial communities revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla, in both groups, with the keystone species (, and ) of breast milk closely interacting with HMOs, including 3'-SL, 6'-SL, and LNT2. In PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis, the S group exhibited significant reduction in the expression of genes involved in several infectious disease pathways.
Our findings support the recognition of human milk as a synbiotic comprising beneficial bacteria and prebiotic HMOs.
人乳微生物群与人乳寡糖（HMOs）之间的相互作用对婴儿的健康生长和发育起着至关重要的作用。我们旨在阐明哺乳期两个阶段母乳微生物群与HMOs之间的联系。
采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法，对产后母亲采集的20份初乳样本（C组，产后1-5天）和20份成熟乳样本（S组，产后42天）的微生物群和HMOs进行分析。
C组HMOs总平均含量显著高于S组（6.76±1.40g/L对10.27±2.00g/L，<0.05）。在HMOs中，S组2'-岩藻糖基乳糖（2'-FL，1.64±1.54g/L对3.03±1.79g/L）、3'-唾液酸乳糖（3'-SL，0.10±0.02g/L对0.21±0.06）、6'-SL（0.22±0.09g/L对0.33±0.11g/L）和乳糖-N-三糖2（LNT2，0.03±0.01g/L对0.16±0.08g/L）的平均值显著低于C组（<0.05），而S组3'-FL的平均值显著高于C组（1.35±1.00g/L对0.41±0.43g/L，<0.05）。S组和C组微生物群的多样性和结构也有显著差异（<0.05）。微生物群落的比较分析显示，变形菌门和厚壁菌门是两组中最丰富的门类，母乳中的关键物种（、和）与HMOs密切相互作用，包括3'-SL、6'-SL和LNT2。在PICRUSt2功能预测分析中，S组参与几种传染病途径的基因表达显著降低。
我们的研究结果支持将人乳视为一种包含有益细菌和益生元HMOs的合生元。
