Sharma Rajesh, Khubchandani Jagdish
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, India.
Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Epidemiologia (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;5(4):785-795. doi: 10.3390/epidemiologia5040053.
Tracheal Bronchus and Lung cancers (TBL) represent one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. This study aimed to examine the disease and economic burden of TBL cancers in 185 countries worldwide in 2022.
The estimates of TBL cancer incidence and mortality (counts and age-standardized rates) were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2022 data produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) were utilized as a proxy of 5-year survival rates. Multivariate regression was utilized to examine the association between TBL cancer burden and tobacco use prevalence.
Globally, there were 2.48 million incident cases and 1.82 million deaths due to TBL cancers in 2022. Males accounted for 63.4% of incident cases (1.57 million) and 67.85% of TBL deaths (1.23 million) in 2022. For both sexes combined, the age-standardized rate was 23.1 per 100,000, and the age-standardized mortality rate was 16.8/100,000. The Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) at the global level stood at 0.71. Eastern Asia had the largest burden of TBL cancers among the 21 UN-defined regions, with around 51% of incident cases (1.24 million) and 46.9% of global deaths (851,876), followed by Northern America (incidence: 257,284; deaths: 150,675) and Eastern Europe (incidence: 158,141; deaths: 126,840). At the country level, human development index (HDI) and adult tobacco use prevalence could explain 67% and 64% variation in ASIR and ASMR, respectively. HDI was statistically significantly related to MIR, explaining a 48% variation in MIR.
With 1.9 million deaths in 2022, TBL cancer is a significant global cause of mortality. Despite the knowledge and awareness of smoking and lung cancer, adult smoking rates remain high in many countries, including the United States and China. Renewed and sustained global efforts are needed to reduce smoking prevalence and PM2.5 levels, particularly in China and low- and middle-income countries.
气管支气管和肺癌（TBL）是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一。本研究旨在调查2022年全球185个国家TBL癌症的疾病负担和经济负担。
TBL癌症发病率和死亡率（病例数和年龄标准化率）的估计值来自国际癌症研究机构编制的GLOBOCAN 2022数据。死亡率与发病率之比（MIR）被用作5年生存率的替代指标。采用多变量回归分析TBL癌症负担与烟草使用流行率之间的关联。
2022年，全球TBL癌症新发病例248万例，死亡182万例。2022年，男性占新发病例的63.4%（157万例）和TBL死亡病例的67.85%（123万例）。男女合计，年龄标准化发病率为每10万人23.1例，年龄标准化死亡率为每10万人16.8例。全球死亡率与发病率之比（MIR）为0.71。在联合国定义的21个区域中，东亚的TBL癌症负担最重，约占新发病例的51%（124万例）和全球死亡病例的46.9%（851876例），其次是北美（发病率：257284例；死亡：150675例）和东欧（发病率：158141例；死亡：126840例）。在国家层面，人类发展指数（HDI）和成人烟草使用流行率分别可以解释年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）变异的67%和64%。HDI与MIR在统计学上显著相关，可解释MIR变异的48%。
2022年有190万人死亡，TBL癌症是全球一个重要的死亡原因。尽管人们对吸烟和肺癌有一定认识，但包括美国和中国在内的许多国家成人吸烟率仍然很高。需要全球重新做出并持续努力，以降低吸烟流行率和PM2.5水平，特别是在中国以及低收入和中等收入国家。
