Xia Ning, Li Yadi, He Cancan, Deng Dehua
Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 6;14(12):597. doi: 10.3390/bios14120597.
Nanomaterials have attracted significant attention as signal reporters for immunoassays. They can directly generate detectable signals or release a large number of signaling elements for readout. Among various nanolabels, nanomaterials composed of multiple signaling molecules have shown great potential in immunoassays. Generally, signaling molecules can be entrapped in nanocontainers or self-assemble into nanostructures for signal amplification. In this review, we summarize the advances of signaling molecules-entrapped or assembled nanomaterials for colorimetric and fluorescence immunoassays. The nanocontainers cover liposomes, polymers, mesoporous silica, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), various nanosheets, nanoflowers or nanocages, etc. Signaling molecules mainly refer to visible and/or fluorescent organic dyes. The design and application of immunoassays are emphasized from the perspective of nanocontainers, analytes, and analytical performances. In addition, the future challenges and research trends for the preparation of signaling molecules-entrapped or assembled nanolabels are briefly discussed.
纳米材料作为免疫分析的信号报告分子已引起广泛关注。它们可以直接产生可检测信号或释放大量信号元件用于读数。在各种纳米标记物中，由多种信号分子组成的纳米材料在免疫分析中显示出巨大潜力。一般来说，信号分子可以被包裹在纳米容器中或自组装成纳米结构以实现信号放大。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于比色和荧光免疫分析的包裹或组装信号分子的纳米材料的研究进展。纳米容器包括脂质体、聚合物、介孔二氧化硅、金属有机框架（MOF）、各种纳米片、纳米花或纳米笼等。信号分子主要指可见和/或荧光有机染料。从纳米容器、分析物和分析性能的角度强调了免疫分析的设计和应用。此外，还简要讨论了制备包裹或组装信号分子的纳米标记物未来面临的挑战和研究趋势。
