Kuanaeva Regina M, Vaneev Alexander N, Gorelkin Petr V, Erofeev Alexander S
Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia.
Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Dec 19;14(12):627. doi: 10.3390/bios14120627.
Nanopipettes, as a class of solid-state nanopores, have evolved into universal tools in biomedicine for the detection of biomarkers and different biological analytes. Nanopipette-based methods combine high sensitivity, selectivity, single-molecule resolution, and multifunctionality. The features have significantly expanded interest in their applications for the biomolecular detection, imaging, and molecular diagnostics of real samples. Moreover, the ease of manufacturing nanopipettes, coupled with their compatibility with fluorescence and electrochemical methods, makes them ideal for portable point-of-care diagnostic devices. This review summarized the latest progress in nanopipette-based nanopore technology for the detection of biomarkers, DNA, RNA, proteins, and peptides, in particular β-amyloid or α-synuclein, emphasizing the impact of technology on molecular diagnostics. By addressing key challenges in single-molecule detection and expanding applications in diverse biological areas, nanopipettes are poised to play a transformative role in the future of personalized medicine.
作为一类固态纳米孔，纳米吸管已发展成为生物医学中用于检测生物标志物和不同生物分析物的通用工具。基于纳米吸管的方法具有高灵敏度、选择性、单分子分辨率和多功能性。这些特性极大地激发了人们对其在实际样品的生物分子检测、成像和分子诊断应用方面的兴趣。此外，纳米吸管易于制造，且与荧光和电化学方法兼容，使其成为便携式即时诊断设备的理想选择。本文综述了基于纳米吸管的纳米孔技术在检测生物标志物、DNA、RNA、蛋白质和肽（特别是β-淀粉样蛋白或α-突触核蛋白）方面的最新进展，强调了该技术对分子诊断的影响。通过应对单分子检测中的关键挑战并拓展在不同生物领域的应用，纳米吸管有望在个性化医疗的未来发挥变革性作用。
