Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Jul 16;14(7):345. doi: 10.3390/bios14070345.
Biological nanopores are ultrasensitive and highly attractive platforms for disease diagnostics, including the sequencing of viral and microbial genes and the detection of biomarkers and pathogens. To utilize biological nanopores as diagnostic sensors, they have been engineered through various methods resulting in the accurate and highly sensitive detection of biomarkers and disease-related biomolecules. Among diverse biological nanopores, the β-barrel-containing nanopores have advantages in nanopore engineering because of their robust structure, making them well-suited for modifications. In this review, we highlight the engineering approaches for β-barrel-containing nanopores used in single-molecule sensing for applications in early diagnosis and prognosis. In the highlighted studies, β-barrel nanopores can be modified by genetic mutation to change the structure; alter charge distributions; or add enzymes, aptamers, and protein probes to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, this review discusses challenges and future perspectives for advancing nanopore-based diagnostic sensors.
生物纳米孔是用于疾病诊断的超灵敏和极具吸引力的平台，包括病毒和微生物基因的测序以及生物标志物和病原体的检测。为了将生物纳米孔用作诊断传感器，已经通过各种方法对其进行了工程改造，从而实现了对生物标志物和与疾病相关的生物分子的准确和高灵敏度检测。在各种生物纳米孔中，β-桶状纳米孔在纳米孔工程方面具有优势，因为其结构坚固，非常适合进行修饰。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了用于单分子传感的用于早期诊断和预后的含β-桶状纳米孔的工程方法。在突出的研究中，可以通过基因突变来修饰β-桶纳米孔以改变结构；改变电荷分布；或添加酶、适体和蛋白质探针以提高灵敏度和准确性。此外，本文还讨论了推进基于纳米孔的诊断传感器的挑战和未来展望。
