Wu Kevin Y, Khammar Rebecca, Sheikh Hafsah, Marchand Michael
Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Dec 23;15(12):391. doi: 10.3390/jfb15120391.
Intraocular lenses (IOLs) play a pivotal role in restoring vision following cataract surgery. The evolution of polymeric biomaterials has been central to addressing challenges such as biocompatibility, optical clarity, mechanical stability, and resistance to opacification. This review explores essential requirements for IOL biomaterials, emphasizing their ability to mitigate complications like posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and dysphotopsias while maintaining long-term durability and visual quality. Traditional polymeric materials, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), silicone, and acrylic polymers, are critically analyzed alongside cutting-edge innovations such as hydrogels, shape memory polymers, and light-adjustable lenses (LALs). Advances in polymer engineering have enabled these materials to achieve enhanced flexibility, transparency, and biocompatibility, driving their adoption in modern IOL design. Functionalization strategies, including surface modifications and drug-eluting designs, highlight advancements in preventing inflammation, infection, and other complications. The incorporation of UV-blocking and blue-light-filtering agents is also examined for their potential in reducing retinal damage. Furthermore, emerging technologies like nanotechnology and smart polymer-based biomaterials offer promising avenues for personalized, biocompatible IOLs with enhanced performance. Clinical outcomes, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction, are evaluated to provide an understanding of the current advancements and limitations in IOL development. We also discuss the current challenges and future directions, underscoring the need for cost-effective, innovative polymer-based solutions to optimize surgical outcomes and improve patients' quality of life.
人工晶状体（IOL）在白内障手术后恢复视力方面起着关键作用。高分子生物材料的发展对于应对生物相容性、光学清晰度、机械稳定性和抗浑浊等挑战至关重要。本综述探讨了IOL生物材料的基本要求，强调其在减轻诸如后囊浑浊（PCO）和眩光等并发症的同时保持长期耐用性和视觉质量的能力。对传统高分子材料，包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、硅酮和丙烯酸聚合物进行了批判性分析，并与水凝胶、形状记忆聚合物和光可调透镜（LAL）等前沿创新技术一同探讨。高分子工程学的进展使这些材料能够实现更高的柔韧性、透明度和生物相容性，推动了它们在现代IOL设计中的应用。功能化策略，包括表面改性和药物洗脱设计，突出了在预防炎症、感染和其他并发症方面的进展。还研究了紫外线阻挡剂和蓝光过滤剂的掺入在减少视网膜损伤方面的潜力。此外，纳米技术和基于智能聚合物的生物材料等新兴技术为性能增强的个性化、生物相容性IOL提供了有前景的途径。评估了包括视力、对比敏感度和患者满意度在内的临床结果，以了解IOL开发的当前进展和局限性。我们还讨论了当前的挑战和未来方向，强调需要具有成本效益的、创新的基于聚合物的解决方案来优化手术结果并改善患者的生活质量。
