Muthusamy Malarmathi, Ramasamy Kannaki T, Peters Sunday Olusola, Palani Srinivasan, Gowthaman Vasudevan, Nagarajan Murali, Karuppusamy Sivakumar, Thangavelu Vasanthakumar, Aranganoor Kannan Thiruvenkadan
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal 637002, India.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India.
Metabolites. 2024 Dec 2;14(12):669. doi: 10.3390/metabo14120669.
The poultry industry is significantly impacted by viral infections, particularly Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which leads to substantial economic losses. It is essential to comprehend how the sequence of development affects biological pathways and how early exposure to infections might affect immune responses.
This study employed transcriptome analysis to investigate host-pathogen interactions by analyzing gene expression changes in NDV-infected chicken embryos' lungs.
RNA-Seq reads were aligned with the chicken reference genome (Galgal7), revealing 594 differentially expressed genes: 264 upregulated and 330 downregulated. The most overexpressed genes, with logFC between 8.15 and 8.75, included C8A, FGG, PIT54, FETUB, APOC3, and FGA. Notably, downregulated genes included BPIFB3 (-4.46 logFC) and TRIM39.1 (-4.26 logFC). The analysis also identified 29 novel transcripts and 20 lncRNAs that were upregulated. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways' analyses revealed significant alterations in gene expression related to immune function, metabolism, cell cycle, nucleic acid processes, and mitochondrial activity due to NDV infection. Key metabolic genes, such as ALDOB (3.27 logFC), PRPS2 (2.66 logFC), and XDH (2.15 logFC), exhibited altered expression patterns, while DCK2 (-1.99 logFC) and TK1 (-2.11 logFC) were also affected. Several immune-related genes showed significant upregulation in infected lung samples, including ALB (6.15 logFC), TLR4 (1.86 logFC), TLR2 (2.79 logFC), and interleukin receptors, such as IL1R2 (3.15 logFC) and IL22RA2 (1.37 logFC). Conversely, genes such as CXCR4 (-1.49 logFC), CXCL14 (-2.57 logFC), GATA3 (-1.51 logFC), and IL17REL (-2.93 logFC) were downregulated. The higher expression of HSP genes underscores their vital role in immune responses.
Comprehension of these genes' interactions is essential for regulating viral replication and immune responses during infections, potentially aiding in the identification of candidate genes for poultry breed improvement amidst NDV challenges.
家禽业受到病毒感染的显著影响，尤其是新城疫病毒（NDV），这会导致巨大的经济损失。了解发育过程如何影响生物途径以及早期接触感染如何影响免疫反应至关重要。
本研究采用转录组分析，通过分析新城疫病毒感染的鸡胚肺中的基因表达变化来研究宿主-病原体相互作用。
RNA测序读数与鸡参考基因组（Galgal7）比对，发现594个差异表达基因：264个上调和330个下调。上调最明显的基因，logFC在8.15至8.75之间，包括C8A、FGG、PIT54、FETUB、APOC3和FGA。值得注意的是，下调基因包括BPIFB3（-4.46 logFC）和TRIM39.1（-4.26 logFC）。分析还鉴定出29个新转录本和20个上调的lncRNA。基因本体论和KEGG途径分析显示，由于新城疫病毒感染，与免疫功能、代谢、细胞周期、核酸过程和线粒体活性相关的基因表达发生了显著变化。关键代谢基因，如ALDOB（3.27 logFC）、PRPS2（2.66 logFC）和XDH（2.15 logFC），表现出改变的表达模式，而DCK2（-1.99 logFC）和TK1（-2.11 logFC）也受到影响。几个免疫相关基因在感染的肺样本中显著上调，包括ALB（6.15 logFC）、TLR4（1.86 logFC）、TLR2（2.79 logFC）以及白细胞介素受体，如IL1R2（3.15 logFC）和IL22RA2（1.37 logFC）。相反，CXCR4（-1.49 logFC）、CXCL14（-2.57 logFC）、GATA3（-1.51 logFC）和IL17REL（-2.93 logFC）等基因下调。热休克蛋白基因的较高表达突出了它们在免疫反应中的重要作用。
了解这些基因的相互作用对于在感染期间调节病毒复制和免疫反应至关重要，这可能有助于在家禽面临新城疫病毒挑战时识别用于家禽品种改良的候选基因。
