Foussereau J, Cavelier C
Derm Beruf Umwelt. 1978;26(5):156-61.
A contact dermatitis is more often due to skin irritation than to allergic reactions. About 80% of occupational dermatoses are explicable as toxic reactions of the skin, 20% as allergic reactions. Frequency and severity of the diseases depends on the nature and concentration of a substance as well as from the duration of its action on the skin. Defense mechanisms against chemicals are influenced by sebum content, humidity and the integrity of the horny layer. From a practical standpoint it is important to differentiate toxic from allergic reactions in a patch-test. It seems that allergic reactions are diagnosed too often. The determination of the critical non-toxic concentration requires the evaluation of a sufficient number of patients. The differentiation of irritation and allergy is tendered more difficult by individual factors. The therapy of toxic and allergic contact dermatitis is discussed.
接触性皮炎更多是由皮肤刺激引起，而非过敏反应。约80%的职业性皮肤病可解释为皮肤的毒性反应，20%为过敏反应。疾病的发生频率和严重程度取决于物质的性质和浓度，以及其对皮肤作用的持续时间。针对化学物质的防御机制受皮脂含量、湿度和角质层完整性的影响。从实际角度来看，在斑贴试验中区分毒性反应和过敏反应很重要。似乎过敏反应被诊断得过于频繁了。确定临界无毒浓度需要评估足够数量的患者。个体因素使刺激和过敏的区分变得更加困难。文中还讨论了毒性和过敏性接触性皮炎的治疗方法。
