Huang Yongyu, Lu Zuosheng
School of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):30701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78360-z.
Regular physical activity is beneficial for both physical and mental health. However, studies on physical activity levels among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China are relatively scarce, and the association between different activity levels and certain chronic diseases remains unclear. Using cross-sectional data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study describes the prevalence of chronic diseases and examines their associations with physical activity (PA). Participants self-reported the presence of fifteen chronic health conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung diseases, liver disease, heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, stomach diseases, emotional and mental issues, memory-related diseases, Parkinson's disease, arthritis or rheumatism, and asthma. Total physical activity was assessed through self-reports using instruments similar to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between chronic diseases and PA. In China, more than one-sixth of middle-aged and elderly individuals do not meet physical activity guidelines. Compared to those with low PA, individuals with moderate PA were associated with a lower prevalence of four chronic diseases (heart disease, stroke, emotional and mental issues, asthma), while those with high PA were associated with a lower prevalence of nine chronic diseases (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cancer, heart attack, stroke, emotional and mental issues, memory-related diseases, asthma). Higher physical activity levels are associated with lower odds of chronic diseases. These associations between physical activity and various chronic diseases are inconsistent. Future research should employ cohort or experimental studies to determine the causal relationships between physical activity and the prevalence of different chronic diseases.
规律的体育活动对身心健康都有益处。然而，关于中国中老年人体育活动水平的研究相对较少，不同活动水平与某些慢性病之间的关联仍不明确。本研究利用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的横断面数据，描述了慢性病的患病率，并检验了它们与体育活动（PA）之间的关联。参与者自行报告了15种慢性健康状况：高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、癌症、慢性肺病、肝病、心脏病发作、中风、肾病、胃病、情绪和心理问题、记忆相关疾病、帕金森病、关节炎或风湿病以及哮喘。通过使用类似于国际体育活动问卷（IPAQ）的工具进行自我报告来评估总的体育活动量。采用多变量逻辑回归来估计慢性病与体育活动之间的关联。在中国，超过六分之一的中老年人未达到体育活动指南的要求。与体育活动水平低的人相比，体育活动水平中等的人患四种慢性病（心脏病、中风、情绪和心理问题、哮喘）的患病率较低，而体育活动水平高的人患九种慢性病（高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、癌症、心脏病发作、中风、情绪和心理问题、记忆相关疾病、哮喘）的患病率较低。较高的体育活动水平与较低的慢性病患病几率相关。体育活动与各种慢性病之间的这些关联并不一致。未来的研究应采用队列研究或实验研究来确定体育活动与不同慢性病患病率之间的因果关系。
