Wang Caihua, Mahmood Hamid, Khalid Samia
School of Marxism, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, 050041, Hebei, P. R. China.
School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):30921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81613-6.
The G20 countries are responsible for around 75% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including the use of natural resources. In this regard, the role of globalization in achieving environmental sustainability is a relatively new topic of concern. As a result, the present study considers how globalization and natural resources affect GHG emissions, as well as the roles that renewable energy consumption and urbanization play in the G20 countries between 1990 and 2020. Moreover, this research utilizes advanced panel data estimation methods to assess these interrelationships, like CUP-FM and CUP-BC methods. The study finds that globalization and natural resource use contribute to increased GHG emissions, with a more pronounced effect in high-income countries because most of the countries have extended carbon taxes or emissions trading systems in the last few years. Conversely, the adoption of renewable energy is associated with a reduction in emissions, underscoring the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Urbanization trends also correlate positively with GHG emissions, highlighting the environmental impact of rapid urban growth, particularly in middle-income countries. These results underscore the need for targeted policy interventions. High-income countries should intensify efforts to reduce emissions through renewable energy and stricter regulations on resource consumption. While, middle-income countries require support to manage urbanization and adopt sustainable practices. This study provides crucial insights into the complex dynamics of globalization, resource use, and sustainability, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers engaged in environmental management and climate change mitigation.
二十国集团（G20）国家的温室气体（GHG）排放量约占全球的75%，其中包括自然资源的使用。在这方面，全球化在实现环境可持续性方面的作用是一个相对较新的关注话题。因此，本研究考察了1990年至2020年间全球化和自然资源如何影响温室气体排放，以及可再生能源消费和城市化在G20国家中所起的作用。此外，本研究采用先进的面板数据估计方法来评估这些相互关系，如CUP-FM和CUP-BC方法。研究发现，全球化和自然资源的使用导致温室气体排放增加，在高收入国家这种影响更为显著，因为在过去几年中，大多数国家都扩大了碳税或排放交易体系。相反，采用可再生能源与排放减少相关，这突出了向更清洁能源转型的重要性。城市化趋势也与温室气体排放呈正相关，凸显了快速城市增长对环境的影响，特别是在中等收入国家。这些结果强调了有针对性的政策干预的必要性。高收入国家应加大力度通过可再生能源和对资源消费实施更严格的监管来减少排放。而中等收入国家则需要支持来管理城市化并采用可持续做法。本研究为全球化、资源利用和可持续性的复杂动态提供了关键见解，为从事环境管理和气候变化缓解工作的政策制定者和研究人员提供了有价值的指导。
