Pacheco Cristóbal, Fossa Pablo
University of British Columbia, Calgary, Canada.
Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2024 Dec 28;59(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s12124-024-09874-4.
Exploring the nuanced and often elusive realm of pre-reflective consciousness presents a methodological challenge, as it involves capturing experiences that arise prior to reflective thought and language. This article introduces Phenomenological Mapping, an innovative research method designed to systematically study the pre-reflective dimensions of human experience. Grounded in the foundational theories of Edmund Husserl (2012), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (2013), and Martin Heidegger (1992, 2008), the approach also integrates contemporary perspectives from Dan Zahavi (1999, Contemporary Phenomenology and Qualitative Research 5(1), 1-17, 2021), Shaun Gallagher (2006, 2017), and Evan Thompson (2010, 2017). Drawing upon advancements in neurophenomenology, embodied cognition, and intersubjectivity, Phenomenological Mapping provides a structured framework for accessing and analyzing pre-reflective consciousness. This methodology guides researchers through a sequence of eleven phases, from initial preparation and contextualization to data collection, analysis, and integration. It employs Husserl's phenomenological reduction, Merleau-Ponty's concept of embodied perception, and Heidegger's exploration of being-in-the-world. The approach is further enriched by Zahavi's intersubjectivity, Gallagher's work on embodiment, and Thompson's continuum of consciousness. By utilizing multisensory data collection techniques-such as visual diaries, audio recordings, and experiential practices-Phenomenological Mapping offers a multi-dimensional approach to analyzing subjective experience. This research contributes a novel methodological tool to phenomenology, facilitating an empirical investigation that remains faithful to the philosophical foundations of pre-reflective consciousness while bridging empirical and theoretical domains.
探索前反思意识这一微妙且常常难以捉摸的领域带来了方法论上的挑战，因为它涉及捕捉在反思性思维和语言之前出现的体验。本文介绍了现象学映射，这是一种创新的研究方法，旨在系统地研究人类体验的前反思维度。该方法以埃德蒙德·胡塞尔（2012年）、莫里斯·梅洛 - 庞蒂（2013年）和马丁·海德格尔（1992年、2008年）的基础理论为基础，还整合了丹·扎哈维（1999年、《当代现象学与定性研究》5(1)，第1 - 17页，2021年）、肖恩·加拉格尔（2006年、2017年）和埃文·汤普森（2010年、2017年）的当代观点。借助神经现象学、具身认知和主体间性的进展，现象学映射提供了一个用于获取和分析前反思意识的结构化框架。这种方法论引导研究人员经历从初始准备和背景化到数据收集、分析和整合的一系列十一个阶段。它采用了胡塞尔的现象学还原、梅洛 - 庞蒂具身感知的概念以及海德格尔对在世存在的探索。扎哈维的主体间性、加拉格尔关于具身性的研究以及汤普森的意识连续体进一步丰富了该方法。通过使用多感官数据收集技术，如视觉日记、录音和体验实践，现象学映射提供了一种多维方法来分析主观体验。这项研究为现象学贡献了一种新颖的方法论工具，促进了一项实证研究，该研究在忠实于前反思意识的哲学基础的同时，弥合了实证和理论领域。
