Balamurugan Bhavani Sowndharya, Marimuthu Mathan Muthu Chinnakannu, Sundaram Vickram Agaram, Saravanan Bharath, Chandrababu Prasanth, Chopra Hitesh, Malik Tabarak
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
Immun Ageing. 2024 Dec 27;21(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12979-024-00492-7.
Immunosenescence, the slow degradation of immune function over time that is a hallmark and driver of aging, makes older people much more likely to be killed by common infections (such as flu) than young adults, but it also contributes greatly to rates of chronic inflammation in later life. Such micro nutrients are crucial for modulating effective immune responses and their deficiencies have been associated with dysfunctional immunity in the elderly. In this review, we specifically focused on the contribution of major micro nutrients (Vitamins A, D and E, Vitamin C; Zinc and Selenium) as immunomodulators in ageing population especially related to inflame-ageing process including autoimmunity. This review will cover these hologenomic interactions, including how micro nutrients can modulate immune cell function and/or cytokine production to benefit their hosts with healthy mucous-associated immunity along with a sustainable immunologic homeostasis. For example, it points out the modulatory effects of vitamin D on both innate and adaptive immunity, with a specific focus on its ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis while enhancing regulatory T-cell function. In the same context, also zinc is described as important nutrient for thymic function and T-cell differentiation but exhibits immunomodulatory functions by decreasing inflammation. In addition, the review will go over how micro nutrient deficiencies increase systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and, inflammaging as well as actually enhance autoimmune pathologies in old age. It assesses the potential role of additional targeted nutritional supplementation with micro nutrients to counteract these effects, promoting wider immune resilience in older adults. This review collates the current evidence and highlights the role of adequate micro nutrient intake on inflammation and autoimmunity during ageing, providing plausible origins for nutritional interventions to promote healthy immune aging.
免疫衰老，即免疫功能随时间的缓慢衰退，是衰老的一个标志和驱动因素，它使老年人比年轻人更容易死于常见感染（如流感），但它也在很大程度上导致了晚年慢性炎症的发生率上升。这些微量营养素对于调节有效的免疫反应至关重要，其缺乏与老年人免疫功能失调有关。在这篇综述中，我们特别关注主要微量营养素（维生素A、D和E、维生素C；锌和硒）作为免疫调节剂在老年人群中的作用，尤其是与包括自身免疫在内的炎症衰老过程相关的作用。这篇综述将涵盖这些全基因组相互作用，包括微量营养素如何调节免疫细胞功能和/或细胞因子产生，以使宿主受益于健康的黏膜相关免疫以及可持续的免疫稳态。例如，它指出了维生素D对先天性和适应性免疫的调节作用，特别关注其抑制促炎细胞因子合成同时增强调节性T细胞功能的能力。在同样的背景下，锌也被描述为对胸腺功能和T细胞分化很重要的营养素，但通过减轻炎症表现出免疫调节功能。此外，该综述还将探讨微量营养素缺乏如何增加全身慢性低度炎症和炎症衰老，以及实际上如何在老年时增强自身免疫性疾病。它评估了额外针对性补充微量营养素以抵消这些影响、促进老年人更广泛免疫恢复力的潜在作用。这篇综述整理了当前的证据，突出了充足的微量营养素摄入在衰老过程中对炎症和自身免疫的作用，为促进健康免疫衰老的营养干预提供了合理的依据。
