Avetisov S E, Shitikova A V, Avetisov K S, Borisenko T E, Pateyuk L S, Aslamazova A E, Timashev P S, Efremov Yu M
Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Vestn Oftalmol. 2024;140(6):15-23. doi: 10.17116/oftalma202414006115.
The scientific and practical interest in studying the biomechanical characteristics of the lens capsule, on the one hand, is associated with its anatomical significance in modern microinvasive phaco surgery, and on the other hand, with investigation of the mechanisms of lens curvature changes during accommodation. Selective study of the biomechanical properties of the lens capsule aims to identify characteristics of various regions and surfaces of the capsule.
This study is a comparative analysis of age-related changes in the biomechanical properties of the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) lens capsules in humans.
The study analyzed 73 pairs of central fragments of the AC and PC of the lens, obtained from donor (cadaver) eyes and through anterior and posterior capsulorhexis during microinvasive phaco surgery (38 and 35 paired samples, respectively). Planned biomechanical testing followed a previously developed protocol for examining the anterior capsule, including determination of the Young's modulus using atomic force microscopy.
Comparing the Young's modulus of lens capsule samples from donor eyes and microinvasive phaco surgery revealed no significant differences in mean values, indirectly indicating minimal postmortem impact on the biomechanical properties of the capsule. General biomechanical patterns observed in the human lens capsule show the Young's modulus (stiffness) is higher in the AC than the PC, and higher on the inner than the outer surface for both the AC and PC. Age-related changes are associated with an increase in stiffness on the outer surface and its decrease on the inner surface, more pronounced in the AC.
The obtained results indicate the need for further investigation into the role of capsule biomechanics in age-related accommodative disorders.
一方面，研究晶状体囊生物力学特性的科学及实际意义在于其在现代微创白内障超声乳化手术中的解剖学重要性，另一方面在于研究调节过程中晶状体曲率变化的机制。对晶状体囊生物力学特性的选择性研究旨在确定囊不同区域和表面的特征。
本研究是对人类晶状体前囊（AC）和后囊（PC）生物力学特性随年龄变化的比较分析。
该研究分析了73对晶状体AC和PC的中央碎片，这些碎片取自供体（尸体）眼以及在微创白内障超声乳化手术中通过前囊和后囊撕开术获取（分别为38对和35对样本）。计划的生物力学测试遵循先前制定的检查前囊的方案，包括使用原子力显微镜测定杨氏模量。
比较来自供体眼和微创白内障超声乳化手术的晶状体囊样本的杨氏模量，发现平均值无显著差异，间接表明死后对囊生物力学特性的影响最小。在人类晶状体囊中观察到的一般生物力学模式显示，AC的杨氏模量（刚度）高于PC，且AC和PC的内表面杨氏模量均高于外表面。与年龄相关的变化与外表面刚度增加和内表面刚度降低有关，在AC中更为明显。
所得结果表明需要进一步研究囊生物力学在与年龄相关的调节障碍中的作用。
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