Santoro Valentina, Rosa Emanuele, Donadio Giuliana, Polito Flavio, De Feo Vincenzo, De Tommasi Nunziatina
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82779-9.
This research aims at the valorization of fennel by-products from the Campania region (Southern Italy). A phytochemical characterization of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HEs) and of the essential oils (EOs) from edible and non-edible parts (waste) of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. was carried out using HRESIMS and GC-MS. The analysis led to the identification in the extracts of flavonoids, phenolic acid derivatives, amino acids and fatty acids and essential amino acids and the presence of trans-anethole and limonene as main components of the EOs. Their antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH e ABTS assays, showing moderate antioxidant activity for the HEs and no activity for the EOs. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method against some common bacterial food contaminants: Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus. The EOs resulted active on almost all bacterial strains while HEs were found inactive. This study demonstrated that the waste obtained from fennel harvesting should t be considered as a valuable and reusable product.
本研究旨在对意大利南部坎帕尼亚地区的茴香副产品进行增值利用。对茴香（Foeniculum vulgare Mill.）可食用和不可食用部分（废弃物）的水醇提取物（HEs）和精油（EOs）进行了植物化学表征，采用高分辨电喷雾电离质谱（HRESIMS）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC-MS）分析方法。分析结果表明，提取物中含有黄酮类化合物、酚酸衍生物、氨基酸、脂肪酸和必需氨基酸，并且精油的主要成分是反式茴香脑和柠檬烯。通过二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）和2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）试验研究了它们的抗氧化活性，结果显示水醇提取物具有中等抗氧化活性，而精油无抗氧化活性。采用纸片扩散法对一些常见的细菌性食品污染物进行抗菌活性评估，这些污染物包括鲍曼不动杆菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌属、志贺氏菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明，精油对几乎所有细菌菌株都有活性，而水醇提取物无活性。本研究表明，茴香收获产生的废弃物应被视为一种有价值且可重复利用的产品。
