Tinsley H E, Teaff J D, Colbs S L, Kaufman N
J Gerontol. 1985 Mar;40(2):172-8. doi: 10.1093/geronj/40.2.172.
The psychological benefits of 18 commonly chosen leisure activities were investigated using the Paragraphs About Leisure-Form E (PAL-E), which measures the psychological benefits of participation in leisure activities. The data were cluster analyzed using Ward's heirarchical grouping procedure, and a conceptual framework was developed for understanding the psychological benefits derived from participation in leisure activities by persons in the 55 to 75 age range. The data support the conclusions that leisure activities may be grouped into meaningful families or clusters on the basis of their psychological benefits.
使用《休闲段落量表E》（PAL-E）对18种常见休闲活动的心理益处进行了调查，该量表用于衡量参与休闲活动所带来的心理益处。数据采用沃德层次分组程序进行聚类分析，并构建了一个概念框架，以理解55至75岁人群参与休闲活动所获得的心理益处。数据支持以下结论：休闲活动可根据其心理益处归为有意义的类别或群组。
