Patterson I
Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1996;42(2):123-42. doi: 10.2190/TG1M-75CB-PL27-R6G3.
This study aimed to establish if frequent participation in leisure activities helped widows and widowers adapt to widowhood, and to maintain lower stress levels. A small sample of sixty recently bereaved widows (n = 43) and widowers (n = 17) who were living in an Australian city were selected for the study. Their ages ranged from fifty to eight-four years with a mean age of sixty-four years. Each widow or widower was interviewed and provided responses to three scales measuring participation in leisure activities, adaptation to widowhood, and stress. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used to interpret the data. The leisure activities most frequently participated in by widows and widowers were found to be home based activities, involving social activities with family and friends. Greater participation in leisure activities was found to be negatively correlated with stress scores, suggesting an association between leisure participation and stress reduction for recently bereaved widows and widowers. However, the study failed to find any association between participation in leisure activities and adaptation after the death of a spouse. In addition, no significant differences were found in the age, gender, income, and type of employment of widows and widowers, although perceived health status was found to be a significant factor in helping to determine future participation in leisure activities.
本研究旨在确定频繁参与休闲活动是否有助于鳏寡适应丧偶生活，并维持较低的压力水平。研究选取了居住在澳大利亚一座城市的60名近期丧偶的寡妇（n = 43）和鳏夫（n = 17）作为小样本。他们的年龄在50岁至84岁之间，平均年龄为64岁。对每位寡妇或鳏夫进行了访谈，并让他们对测量休闲活动参与度、丧偶适应情况和压力的三个量表做出回应。采用定量和定性研究方法来解读数据。结果发现，寡妇和鳏夫最常参与的休闲活动是居家活动，包括与家人和朋友的社交活动。研究发现，更多地参与休闲活动与压力得分呈负相关，这表明近期丧偶的寡妇和鳏夫的休闲活动参与度与压力减轻之间存在关联。然而，该研究未能发现休闲活动参与度与配偶去世后的适应情况之间存在任何关联。此外，在寡妇和鳏夫的年龄、性别、收入和就业类型方面未发现显著差异，不过，健康状况被认为是有助于决定未来休闲活动参与度的一个重要因素。
