Ballal Nidambur Vasudev, Narkedamalli Rajkumar, Shenoy Padmaja A, Das Shubhankar, Balasubramanian Saravana Karthikeyan, Varghese Jothi, Dsouza Herman Sunil, Epps Kevin, Ravenel Theodroe, Tay Franklin R
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
J Dent. 2025 Feb;153:105551. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105551. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
To evaluate the efficacy of multi-functional root canal irrigating solutions in the removal of canal wall smear layers, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and tissue dissolution efficacy.
Forty single-rooted teeth were mechanically instrumented and irrigated with Triton, EndoJuice™, EDTA, and 0.9 % saline. Each tooth was evaluated for smear layer removal using scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial activity of the irrigants was assessed against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms using colony-forming unit analysis. Neutral red, clonogenic, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays were performed on Chinese hamster V79 cells to evaluate the short-term and long-term cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the irrigants. Tissue dissolution efficacy was tested on shrimp meat placed in resorptive cavities prepared in root canals.
EndoJuice™ and EDTA showed better smear layer removal than Triton in the coronal-third and middle-third of the canal walls. There was no significant difference between EndoJuice™ and EDTA. In the apical-third, EndoJuice™ removed the smear layer more effectively than EDTA and Triton. Specimens treated with saline were heavily smeared. Triton and sodium hypochlorite were similar in reducing intracanal E. faecalis counts, while specimens treated with EndoJuice™ had higher colony-forming units compared to Triton or sodium hypochlorite. EndoJuice™ was less cytotoxic and genotoxic compared to Triton. Sodium hypochlorite dissolved the most soft tissue, followed by Triton and EndoJuice™.
EndoJuice™ was less toxic and more effective in smear layer removal. Triton demonstrated better antimicrobial activity and tissue dissolution efficacy.
Evaluating the smear layer removal, antibacterial activity, toxicity, and tissue dissolution abilities of multi-functional root canal irrigants is essential to ensure their effectiveness and safety for clinical use in root canal treatment.
评估多功能根管冲洗液在去除根管壁玷污层、抗菌活性、细胞毒性及组织溶解效能方面的效果。
选取40颗单根牙进行机械预备，分别用曲拉通（Triton）、EndoJuice™、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和0.9%生理盐水冲洗。使用扫描电子显微镜评估每颗牙齿的玷污层去除情况。采用菌落形成单位分析法评估冲洗液对粪肠球菌生物膜的抗菌活性。对中国仓鼠V79细胞进行中性红、克隆形成和胞质分裂阻断微核试验，以评估冲洗液的短期和长期细胞毒性及遗传毒性。将虾肉置于根管内制备的吸收腔内，测试冲洗液的组织溶解效能。
在根管壁的冠三分之一和中三分之一处，EndoJuice™和EDTA去除玷污层的效果优于曲拉通。EndoJuice™和EDTA之间无显著差异。在根尖三分之一处，EndoJuice™去除玷污层的效果比EDTA和曲拉通更有效。用生理盐水处理的标本严重玷污。曲拉通和次氯酸钠在减少根管内粪肠球菌数量方面相似，而用EndoJuice™处理的标本与曲拉通或次氯酸钠相比，菌落形成单位更高。与曲拉通相比，EndoJuice™的细胞毒性和遗传毒性较小。次氯酸钠溶解的软组织最多，其次是曲拉通和EndoJuice™。
EndoJuice™毒性较小，在去除玷污层方面更有效。曲拉通表现出更好的抗菌活性和组织溶解效能。
评估多功能根管冲洗液的玷污层去除、抗菌活性、毒性和组织溶解能力对于确保其在根管治疗临床应用中的有效性和安全性至关重要。
