Plaschke Ferdinand, Hietala Heli, Archer Martin, Blanco-Cano Xóchitl, Kajdič Primož, Karlsson Tomas, Lee Sun Hee, Omidi Nojan, Palmroth Minna, Roytershteyn Vadim, Schmid Daniel, Sergeev Victor, Sibeck David
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria.
Present Address: Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Space Sci Rev. 2018;214(5):81. doi: 10.1007/s11214-018-0516-3. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
The magnetosheath flow may take the form of large amplitude, yet spatially localized, transient increases in dynamic pressure, known as "magnetosheath jets" or "plasmoids" among other denominations. Here, we describe the present state of knowledge with respect to such jets, which are a very common phenomenon downstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock. We discuss their properties as determined by satellite observations (based on both case and statistical studies), their occurrence, their relation to solar wind and foreshock conditions, and their interaction with and impact on the magnetosphere. As carriers of plasma and corresponding momentum, energy, and magnetic flux, jets bear some similarities to bursty bulk flows, which they are compared to. Based on our knowledge of jets in the near Earth environment, we discuss the expectations for jets occurring in other planetary and astrophysical environments. We conclude with an outlook, in which a number of open questions are posed and future challenges in jet research are discussed.
磁鞘流可能呈现为动态压力的大幅但空间局部化的瞬态增加，在其他名称中被称为“磁鞘射流”或“等离子体团”。在此，我们描述关于此类射流的当前知识状态，它们是准平行弓形激波下游非常常见的现象。我们讨论由卫星观测（基于案例和统计研究）确定的它们的特性、它们的发生情况、它们与太阳风及前震条件的关系，以及它们与磁层的相互作用和影响。作为等离子体以及相应动量、能量和磁通量的载体，射流与被比较的爆发性整体流有一些相似之处。基于我们对近地环境中射流的了解，我们讨论对在其他行星和天体物理环境中出现的射流的预期。我们以展望作为结尾，其中提出了一些未解决的问题并讨论了射流研究未来的挑战。
