Krämer Eva, Koller Florian, Suni Jonas, LaMoury Adrian T, Pöppelwerth Adrian, Glebe Georg, Mohammed-Amin Tara, Raptis Savvas, Vuorinen Laura, Weiss Stefan, Xirogiannopoulou Niki, Archer Martin, Blanco-Cano Xóchitl, Gunell Herbert, Hietala Heli, Karlsson Tomas, Plaschke Ferdinand, Preisser Luis, Roberts Owen, Simon Wedlund Cyril, Temmer Manuela, Vörös Zoltán
Department of Physics, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 24, Umeå, 90736 Umeå Sweden.
Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, Graz, 8010 Austria.
Space Sci Rev. 2025;221(1):4. doi: 10.1007/s11214-024-01129-3. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets. In this review, we summarise and discuss these findings. Spacecraft and ground-based observations, as well as global and local simulations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the causes and effects of magnetosheath jets. First, we discuss recent findings on jet occurrence and formation, including in other planetary environments. New insights into jet properties and evolution are then examined using observations and simulations. Finally, we review the impact of jets upon interaction with the magnetopause and subsequent consequences for the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude with an outlook and assessment on future challenges. This includes an overview on future space missions that may prove crucial in tackling the outstanding open questions on jets in the terrestrial magnetosheath as well as other planetary and shock environments.
具有增强动压的等离子体流，即磁鞘喷流，常常出现在无碰撞激波的下游。当它们在磁鞘中传播时，会与周围等离子体相互作用，塑造其特性，并在到达磁层顶时可能产生地球效应。近年来（自2016年以来），新的研究取得了重要成果，显著增进了我们对喷流诸多方面的理解。在这篇综述中，我们总结并讨论这些发现。航天器和地面观测以及全球和局部模拟，对我们理解磁鞘喷流的成因和影响贡献巨大。首先，我们讨论关于喷流出现和形成的最新发现，包括在其他行星环境中的情况。然后利用观测和模拟来审视关于喷流特性和演化的新见解。最后，我们回顾喷流与磁层顶相互作用的影响以及对磁层 - 电离层系统的后续后果。我们以对未来挑战的展望和评估作为总结。这包括对未来太空任务的概述，这些任务可能对解决地球磁鞘以及其他行星和激波环境中喷流的未决开放性问题至关重要。
