Zahid Rukhshan, Wang Juncheng, Cai Zecheng, Ishtiaq Ayesha, Liu Meng, Ma Dan, Liang Yan, Xu Yuekang
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 13;15:1443290. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443290. eCollection 2024.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advancements in CVD management, pharmaceutical treatments often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity. With the rapid progress of modern molecular biology and immunology, however, single-chain fragment variable (scFv) molecule engineering has emerged as a promising theranostic tool to offer specificity and versatility in targeting CVD-related antigens. To represent the latest development on the potential of scFv in the context of CVDs, this review summarized the new mechanism of action and applications as therapeutic, as well as diagnostic agents. Furthermore, the advantages of scFv, including its small size, ease of modification, and ability to be engineered for enhanced affinity and specificity, are also described. Finally, such challenges as immunogenicity, stability, and scalability, alongside strategies to overcome these hurdles, are deeply scrutinized to provide safer and more effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of the incurable CVDs.
心血管疾病（CVDs）仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，会导致大量发病和死亡。尽管近年来心血管疾病管理取得了进展，但药物治疗往往存在药代动力学不佳和毒性高的问题。然而，随着现代分子生物学和免疫学的迅速发展，单链可变片段（scFv）分子工程已成为一种有前景的治疗诊断工具，在靶向心血管疾病相关抗原方面具有特异性和多功能性。为了介绍scFv在心血管疾病领域潜力的最新进展，本综述总结了其作为治疗和诊断药物的新作用机制及应用。此外，还描述了scFv的优点，包括其尺寸小、易于修饰以及能够通过工程改造提高亲和力和特异性。最后，深入审视了免疫原性、稳定性和可扩展性等挑战以及克服这些障碍的策略，以为难以治愈的心血管疾病的诊断和治疗提供更安全、更有效的策略。
