Genomics and Bioinformatics Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa 5954, Ethiopia.
Institute of Biotechnology Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia.
J Immunol Res. 2024 Aug 9;2024:1804038. doi: 10.1155/2024/1804038. eCollection 2024.
The advancement of genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of immunology by allowing the utilization of intrinsic antibody structures. One of the biologics that are being produced by recombinant antibody technology is single-chain fragments variable (scFv). Genes of variable regions, the heavy and light chains that are genetically linked into a single transcript by a short flexible linker peptide, are used to generate this fragment from cellular and synthetic libraries. The specificity and affinity of these molecules are comparable to those of parental antibodies. Fusion with marker proteins and other potent molecules improves their stability, circulation half-life, activity, and efficient purification. Besides, this review comprises construction protocols, therapeutics, and diagnostic applications of scFv, as well as related challenges. Nonetheless, there are still issues with efficacy, stability, safety, intracellular administration, and production costs that need to be addressed.
基因工程的进步通过利用内在的抗体结构彻底改变了免疫学领域。利用重组抗体技术生产的生物制剂之一是单链片段可变区（scFv）。可变区的基因，即重链和轻链，通过短的柔性连接肽在遗传上连接成一个单一的转录物，从细胞和合成文库中产生这个片段。这些分子的特异性和亲和力可与亲本抗体相媲美。与标记蛋白和其他有效分子融合可提高其稳定性、循环半衰期、活性和有效纯化。此外，本综述还包括 scFv 的构建方案、治疗学和诊断应用，以及相关挑战。尽管如此，在疗效、稳定性、安全性、细胞内给药和生产成本方面仍存在一些问题需要解决。
