Oner Fatih
Field Crops/Agricultural Faculty, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
PeerJ. 2024 Dec 24;12:e18792. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18792. eCollection 2024.
It is very important to determine the chlorophyll content (SPAD) and nitrogen (N) requirement in order to increase the seed yield and nutritional quality of wheat. This research was carried out with three N doses (0, 50, 100 kg ha) and nine wheat cultivars (Alpu-2001, Soyer-02, Kate-A1, Bezostaja-1, Altay-2000, Müfitbey, Nacibey, Harmankaya-99 and Sönmez-2001) during 2-years field condition according to factorial randomized complete block design and three replications. In this study, with the increase of N dose (N50), seed yield increased by 13%, plant height by 10.8%, 1,000 seed weight by 10.5% compared to control plants (N0). The increase of N dose from 50 kg ha to 100 kg gave lower increase rates in the same criteria (11.7%, 11.4%, 10.3%, respectively). However, the spike number per plant, spikelet number in spike, seed number in spike, spike length showed statistically significant differences between N doses and varieties. Boost of N doses caused a significant increase compared to plants without N application. The chlorophyll content and flag leaf area index were determined at three growth times (1 growth time; early, 2 growth time; the middle and end of flowering, 3 growth time; with a 10-day interval). Chlorophyll content was significantly ( < 0.01) affected by the N dose, variety and growth time. As N doses increased, chlorophyll content increased, and it was higher at both N doses compared with N0. The chlorophyll content had the highest rates (30.22%) at 1 growth time and it decreased as the growth period progressed. N doses, varieties and their interactions had significant effects on the flag leaf area index. The highest flag leaf area index (41.9 cm) was determined from variety Bezostaja-1 and 100 kg ha N dose treatment. The effect of N dose was found significantly on abaxial and adaxial stomata width-length and epidermal cells. The adaxial and abaxial stomata width were higher than N0 at both N levels. The highest adaxial and abaxial stomata width- length was obtained from 100 kg ha N dose. As nitrogen concentration increased, both stomatal density and stomatal index increased. The stomatal index varied between 19% and 36%. The lowest stomata density had appeared in the 100 kg ha N dose and Bezostaja-1 variety. As a result, stomatal characteristics, chlorophyll content, and agronomic traits of wheat were significantly affected by increasing N doses.
为了提高小麦的种子产量和营养品质，确定叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和氮（N）需求量非常重要。本研究根据析因随机完全区组设计，设置了三个施氮量水平（0、50、100 kg/ha）和九个小麦品种（Alpu - 2001、Soyer - 02、Kate - A1、Bezostaja - 1、Altay - 2000、Müfitbey、Nacibey、Harmankaya - 99和Sönmez - 2001），在田间条件下进行了为期两年的试验，共三次重复。在本研究中，与对照植株（N0）相比，随着施氮量增加到N50，种子产量提高了13%，株高提高了10.8%，千粒重提高了10.5%。施氮量从50 kg/ha增加到100 kg/ha时，相同指标的增长率较低（分别为11.7%、11.4%、10.3%）。然而，每株穗数、穗粒数、穗粒数、穗长在施氮量和品种之间存在统计学显著差异。与不施氮的植株相比，增加施氮量导致显著增加。在三个生长时期（1生长时期：早期，2生长时期：开花中期和末期，3生长时期：间隔10天）测定了叶绿素含量和旗叶面积指数。叶绿素含量受施氮量、品种和生长时期的显著影响（<0.0[1]）。随着施氮量增加，叶绿素含量增加，且两种施氮量下的叶绿素含量均高于N0。叶绿素含量在1生长时期最高（30.22%），并随着生长时期的推进而降低。施氮量、品种及其相互作用对旗叶面积指数有显著影响。旗叶面积指数最高值（41.9平方厘米）出现在Bezostaja - 1品种和100 kg/ha施氮量处理中。发现施氮量对叶片上下表皮气孔宽度 - 长度和表皮细胞有显著影响。两个施氮水平下，叶片上下表皮气孔宽度均高于N0。100 kg/ha施氮量下获得了最高的叶片上下表皮气孔宽度 - 长度。随着氮浓度增加，气孔密度和气孔指数均增加。气孔指数在19%至36%之间变化。最低的气孔密度出现在100 kg/ha施氮量和Bezostaja - 1品种中。结果表明，增加施氮量对小麦的气孔特征、叶绿素含量和农艺性状有显著影响。
