Manoochehri Zahra, Shoshtari-Yeganeh Bahareh, Gheisari Leila, Ebrahimpour Karim
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2024 Dec 28;23(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s40201-024-00930-0. eCollection 2025 Jun.
In the present study, two most commonly used Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), were determined in 45 tap water samples from the city of Isfahan (Iran) by dispersive liquid-liquid extraction (DLLME) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis. Risk assessment was also performed to determine the risk to human health. The mean concentration of PFOA was 38.1 ± 26.4ng/L (min = 5.1 and max = 1056ng/L). The mean concentration of PFOS was 33.7 ± 25.09ng/L (min = 4.3 and max = 99.2ng/L). The combined concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were above the US-EPA advisory levels (70ng/L) in 48.8% of the samples. The distance between the sampling locations and the water treatment plant showed no significant correlation ( > 0.05). The results of the risk assessment showed that all calculated hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) are below 1, indicating that the risk to human health from exposure to PFOA and PFOS via drinking water in the city of Isfahan was not high for adults and children. These results indicate a significant contamination of Isfahan tap water by PFOA and PFOS of unknown origin. Further studies are needed on the Zayande-Roud River water as a supplier of Isfahan tap water and the efficiency of the water treatment plant and the role of the water distribution network in PFASs contamination of tap water.
在本研究中，采用分散液液微萃取（DLLME）和液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC - MS）分析法，对来自伊朗伊斯法罕市的45份自来水样本中的两种最常用的全氟烷基物质（PFASs），即全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）进行了测定。还进行了风险评估以确定对人类健康的风险。PFOA的平均浓度为38.1±26.4纳克/升（最小值 = 5.1，最大值 = 1056纳克/升）。PFOS的平均浓度为33.7±25.09纳克/升（最小值 = 4.3，最大值 = 99.2纳克/升）。48.8%的样本中PFOA和PFOS的总浓度高于美国环境保护局（US - EPA）的建议水平（70纳克/升）。采样地点与水处理厂之间的距离无显著相关性（>0.05）。风险评估结果表明，所有计算出的危害商（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均低于1，这表明在伊斯法罕市，成年人和儿童通过饮用水接触PFOA和PFOS对人类健康造成的风险不高。这些结果表明，伊斯法罕自来水受到来源不明的PFOA和PFOS的显著污染。需要对作为伊斯法罕自来水供应源的扎扬德河河水、水处理厂的效率以及配水管网在自来水PFASs污染中的作用进行进一步研究。
