Prątnicka A, Sokół R, Iller M
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Parasitology Science Club, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2024 Dec;27(4):567-574. doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.152947.
Birds of prey raised in captivity have direct contact with the environment and are fed raw meat various animals, which increases the risk of infections caused by parasites, including endoparasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of endoparasites in predatory birds of the orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes that are used in falconry in Poland. Fresh feces were sampled from 52 birds, including 16 saker falcons (Falco cherrug), 8 lanner falcons (Falco biarmicus), 7 peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), 8 Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), 7 Eurasian goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), 3 common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), 1 Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), 1 red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Fecal samples were analyzed with the use of Fülleborn's floatation technique and the McMaster method (OPG/EPG). Dispersive forms of parasites were identified in 17 out of 52 fecal samples (32.69%). Protozoa of the genus Avispora and Nematodes of the genera Porrocaecum sp and Capillaria were detected. The predominant parasites were roundworms (Porrocaecum sp) which were identified in 27% of the samples. Polish falconers were surveyed to obtain information about bird rearing conditions, the administered feed, contact with wild fauna, incidence of parasitic infections, and the applied treatments. The survey showed that the housing conditions ensured contact with wild fauna, and the majority of owners (63.6%) feed their birds with part of the game they caught. The majority (81%) of falconers did not notice any clinical signs of infection in their infected birds, indicating the need to examine them regularly. The results of the survey were compared with the findings of the parasitological analysis. This study reports on the prevalence of endoparasites in birds of prey, and the present findings can be used by falconers to optimize the management and welfare of predatory birds.
人工饲养的猛禽与环境直接接触，并被喂食各种动物的生肉，这增加了包括体内寄生虫在内的寄生虫感染风险。本研究的目的是评估波兰用于鹰猎的鹰形目和隼形目猛禽体内寄生虫的流行情况。从52只鸟类中采集新鲜粪便样本，其中包括16只矛隼（矛隼）、8只猎隼（非洲隼）、7只游隼（游隼）、8只哈里斯鹰（白腹鹞）、7只苍鹰（苍鹰）、3只红隼（红隼）、1只雀鹰（雀鹰）、1只红尾鹰（赤肩鹰）和1只普通鵟（普通鵟）。粪便样本采用富勒本漂浮技术和麦克马斯特法（每克粪便寄生虫卵数/每克粪便寄生虫幼虫数）进行分析。在52份粪便样本中的17份（32.69%）中发现了寄生虫的分散形式。检测到了艾维氏孢子虫属的原生动物以及多孔盲囊线虫属和毛细线虫属的线虫。主要寄生虫是蛔虫（多孔盲囊线虫属），在27%的样本中被鉴定出来。对波兰的鹰猎者进行了调查，以获取有关鸟类饲养条件、投喂的饲料、与野生动物的接触、寄生虫感染发生率以及所采用治疗方法的信息。调查显示，饲养条件确保了与野生动物的接触，大多数主人（63.6%）用他们捕获的部分猎物喂养他们的鸟。大多数（81%）鹰猎者没有注意到他们受感染鸟类的任何感染临床症状，这表明需要定期对它们进行检查。将调查结果与寄生虫学分析结果进行了比较。本研究报告了猛禽体内寄生虫的流行情况，目前的研究结果可供鹰猎者用于优化猛禽的管理和福利。
