Kim Ji-Hyang, Han Suk-Jung
Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, 815, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
BMC Nurs. 2024 Dec 30;23(1):955. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02593-6.
This exploratory study applied Q methodology to identify the types of family caregivers of older adults in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic based on their perceptions of the caregiving role and explore each type's characteristics.
Q statements were derived from in-depth interviews and a review of prior research. Q sorting was conducted using 39 P samples on a nine-point scale to determine Q distributions according to the degree of subjective agreeableness for each statement. In-depth interviews were conducted to determine why the subjects rated statements on either extreme.
Four types of family caregivers were identified as a result of an analysis using the PC QUANAL program: caregiving-positive type (type I), caregiving-ambivalent type (type II), nursing home dependent type (type III), and caregiving conflict burnout type (type IV).
The study results can help develop interventions and strategies based on perceptions of caregiving and their associated characteristics to provide psychological support to family members of older adult care home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the following measures are recommended: continuous follow-up research on specific measures facilitating communication between nursing home staff and family caregivers in the event of a pandemic; development of tools for measuring burnout risk among family caregivers and practical interventions for those at high risk; efforts to improve the image of older adult care homes and change the conventional perceptions of caregiving.
本探索性研究应用Q方法，根据对护理角色的认知，识别新冠疫情期间养老院老年居民家庭照护者的类型，并探究每种类型的特征。
Q陈述源自深入访谈和对先前研究的回顾。使用39个P样本进行九点量表Q分类，以根据每条陈述的主观认同程度确定Q分布。进行深入访谈以确定受试者对极端陈述评分的原因。
使用PC QUANAL程序分析后，识别出四种类型的家庭照护者：积极照护型（I型）、矛盾照护型（II型）、依赖养老院型（III型）和照护冲突倦怠型（IV型）。
研究结果有助于基于对照护的认知及其相关特征制定干预措施和策略，在新冠疫情期间为养老院老年居民的家庭成员提供心理支持。因此，建议采取以下措施：对疫情期间促进养老院工作人员与家庭照护者沟通的具体措施进行持续跟踪研究；开发测量家庭照护者倦怠风险的工具以及针对高风险人群的实际干预措施；努力改善养老院在老年人中的形象并改变传统的照护观念。
