Mather Helen, Stanley Robin G
Animal Eye Care, Melbourne, Australia.
Open Vet J. 2024 Nov;14(11):3063-3073. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.35. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
Corneal squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a rare neoplasm of dogs that can be treated with various modalities, principally by superficial keratectomy (SK) surgery. It is common to treat cSCC with multiple adjunctive therapies, but this may not always be practical for clinicians, clients, or patients.
This retrospective study describes the signalment of affected dogs, concurrent medical therapy, and success rate of surgical treatment of cSCC with SK surgery alone or in combination with adjunct therapy.
Eligible dogs undergoing SK surgery for histologically confirmed cSCC were selected from medical records (2009-2024) of Animal Eye Care, Melbourne. Records were examined for cSCC recurrence at follow up.
Between January 2009 and August 2024, 16 eyes from 14 dogs (5 male; 35.7% (37.5% eyes), 9 female; 64.3% (62.5% eyes) had a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of cSCC following SK surgery. All cases were diagnosed within the last 9 years. There was a notable predilection of brachycephalic breeds (85.7% of dogs; 81.3% of eyes) with pugs the most overrepresented (42.9% of dogs; 37.5% of eyes). The average age at diagnosis was 8.7 years (range 2.1-13.8). Tumor recurrence occurred in two cases following incomplete excision, with no tumor recurrence reported following a second SK surgery. Adjunctive therapy was used in four cases and included cryotherapy and topical interferon alpha-2a. At the time of diagnosis, 12 out of 16 eyes had been treated previously with topical immunomodulatory therapy. Prevalence data varied but peaked in 2021 with 0.14% of total patients and 0.82% of all brachycephalic patients diagnosed with cSCC.
Complete excision of cSCC by SK surgery is effective for preventing the recurrence of cSCC in dogs, even in the absence of adjunctive therapies. Dogs with chronic corneal inflammatory conditions, particularly brachycephalic breeds, are at higher risk for developing cSCC. Corneal SCC should be suspected in middle-aged brachycephalic dogs presenting with proliferative, raised, or hyperaemic corneal lesions.
角膜鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）是犬类的一种罕见肿瘤，可用多种方式治疗，主要是通过浅表角膜切除术（SK）。用多种辅助疗法治疗cSCC很常见，但这对临床医生、客户或患者来说可能并不总是可行的。
这项回顾性研究描述了受影响犬只的特征、同时进行的药物治疗，以及单独使用SK手术或联合辅助治疗cSCC的手术成功率。
从墨尔本动物眼科护理中心（2009 - 2024年）的病历中选取经组织学确诊为cSCC并接受SK手术的合格犬只。检查记录以了解随访时cSCC的复发情况。
2009年1月至2024年8月期间，14只犬的16只眼睛（5只雄性；35.7%（37.5%的眼睛），9只雌性；64.3%（62.5%的眼睛）在SK手术后经组织病理学确诊为cSCC。所有病例均在过去9年内确诊。短头品种犬有明显的易感性（85.7%的犬；81.3%的眼睛），其中哈巴狗的比例最高（42.9%的犬；37.5%的眼睛）。诊断时的平均年龄为8.7岁（范围2.1 - 13.8岁）。两例因切除不完全出现肿瘤复发，二次SK手术后未报告肿瘤复发。4例使用了辅助治疗，包括冷冻疗法和局部注射干扰素α - 2a。在诊断时，16只眼睛中有12只之前接受过局部免疫调节治疗。患病率数据各不相同，但在2021年达到峰值，占确诊为cSCC的总患者的0.14%，占所有短头品种患者的0.82%。
通过SK手术完全切除cSCC对预防犬cSCC复发有效，即使不使用辅助疗法。患有慢性角膜炎症的犬，特别是短头品种，发生cSCC的风险更高。对于出现增殖性、隆起性或充血性角膜病变的中年短头品种犬，应怀疑角膜鳞状细胞癌。
