Raso Alessandra, Pulcinelli Martina, Schena Emiliano, Puglisi Alfio, Pioggia Giovanni, Carnevale Arianna, Longo Umile Giuseppe
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico Roma Italy.
Department of Engineering, Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Rome Italy.
J Exp Orthop. 2024 Dec 30;12(1):e70122. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70122. eCollection 2025 Jan.
This study aimed to explore the potential application of NAO in guiding patients through rehabilitative exercises using external audiovisual stimuli, focusing on temporospatial control in terms of range of motion (ROM), execution time and movement smoothness.
This is a preliminary analysis involving ten healthy volunteers and two patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The protocol was developed in two phases (III and IV) with different ROM limits and including flexion-extension (FE), external-rotation (ER) and internal-rotation (IR) exercises, performed at two speeds and both with and without NAO assistance. Simultaneously, upper limb kinematics were assessed using a stereophotogrammetric system as a reference. Performance was evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) for ROM and execution time, with smoothness assessed through Log Dimensionless Jerk analysis.
In phase III, results for volunteers showed ROM differences in FE and ER, while IR was unaffected by NAO presence. In phase IV, NAO assistance resulted in reduced MAE across nearly all exercises. Patients who only performed phase III exercises at lower speed stayed within ROM limits for all movements performed with NAO, except for ER. For all the participants, results showed a significant reduction in the time MAE when using NAO. Patients exhibit greater smoothness during FE performed with NAO.
NAO showed potential in aiding patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders to replicate rehabilitation exercises, guiding both ROM and timing while influencing movement smoothness. NAO imitation could lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes and enhanced motor learning of motor skills, fostering greater adherence to prescribed therapy.
Level V, diagnostic.
本研究旨在探索NAO在利用外部视听刺激引导患者进行康复训练方面的潜在应用，重点关注运动范围（ROM）、执行时间和运动平滑度方面的时空控制。
这是一项初步分析，涉及10名健康志愿者和2名患有肩部肌肉骨骼疾病的患者。该方案分两个阶段（III和IV）制定，具有不同的ROM限制，包括屈伸（FE）、外旋（ER）和内旋（IR）练习，以两种速度进行，且有无NAO辅助均可。同时，使用立体摄影测量系统作为参考评估上肢运动学。通过ROM和执行时间的平均绝对误差（MAE）评估表现，通过对数无量纲急动分析评估平滑度。
在第三阶段，志愿者的结果显示FE和ER的ROM存在差异，而IR不受NAO存在的影响。在第四阶段，NAO辅助几乎在所有练习中都导致MAE降低。仅在较低速度下进行第三阶段练习的患者，在使用NAO进行的所有运动中，除ER外，均保持在ROM限制范围内。对于所有参与者，结果显示使用NAO时MAE时间显著减少。患者在使用NAO进行FE时表现出更高的平滑度。
NAO在帮助患有肩部肌肉骨骼疾病的患者复制康复练习、指导ROM和时间同时影响运动平滑度方面显示出潜力。NAO模仿可导致改善康复结果并增强运动技能学习，促进对规定治疗的更大依从性。
V级，诊断性。
