Dakua Utpal, Das Sulagna, Mandal Sutapa, Shaw Priya
Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2024 Nov;160(5):506-513. doi: 10.25259/ijmr_2166_23.
Background & objectives Non communicable diseases (NCD) have emerged as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India in the past few decades. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors among adults residing in urban slums of West Bengal, India. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population aged 15-69 yr in urban slums of Purba Burdwan district, West Bengal over a period of two months. A total of with 180 study participants selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured schedule, adopted from the WHO STEPS questionnaire. Analysis was done using Chi-square test and logistic analysis. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results The prevalence of alcohol intake, smoking, inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, reduced physical activity and overweight and/or obesity was 27.8, 15.6 , 93.3 , 32.8 and 15.5 per cent, respectively among the study population. A significant association of smoking was found among males [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.54 Confidence interval (CI):1.76-6.99], those living in joint families (AOR 1.24 CI:1.17-1.34) and without any formal education (AOR 3.22 CI:1.50-13.87). The odds of alcohol consumption alcohol, were higher among those aged >44 yr (AOR 1.98 CI:1.34-7.22), males (AOR 2.65 CI:1.89-8.76), those who had no formal education (AOR 1.43 CI:1.23-2.77) and those who were employed (AOR 1.34 CI:1.02-4.09). Again respondents aged 45-69 yr (AOR 4.45 CI:1.79-10.99) and married (AOR 3.77 CI:1.76-7.44) were associated with overweight and or/obesity. Furthermore, age AOR 5.04 CI:1.34-17.98) and employment status (AOR 1.78 CI:1.67-3.09) were significantly associated with raised blood pressure in multivariate analysis. Interpretation & conclusions The high prevalence of risk factors of NCD in the study population is suggestive of a need for health promotion by creating awareness about the dangers of smoking and alcohol consumption as well as educating the people about the benefits of physical activity and eating a healthy diet.
背景与目的 在过去几十年里，非传染性疾病（NCD）已成为印度死亡率和发病率的主要原因之一。本研究旨在确定居住在印度西孟加拉邦城市贫民窟的成年人中非传染性疾病风险因素的患病率。方法 在西孟加拉邦普尔巴·布尔杜万区城市贫民窟中，对15 - 69岁的成年人群进行了为期两个月的基于社区的横断面研究。通过简单随机抽样共选取了180名研究参与者。使用从世界卫生组织（WHO）的“STEPS”问卷改编而来的半结构化调查表收集数据。采用卡方检验和逻辑分析进行分析。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果 在研究人群中，饮酒、吸烟、蔬菜和水果摄入不足、身体活动减少以及超重和/或肥胖的患病率分别为27.8%、15.6%、93.3%、32.8%和15.5%。在男性中发现吸烟存在显著关联[调整后的优势比（AOR）2.54，置信区间（CI）：1.76 - 6.99]，居住在联合家庭中的人群（AOR 1.24，CI：1.17 - 1.34）以及未接受任何正规教育的人群（AOR 3.22，CI：1.50 - 13.）。44岁以上人群（AOR 1.98，CI：1.34 - 7.22）、男性（AOR 2.65，CI：1.89 - 8.76）、未接受正规教育的人群（AOR 1.43，CI：1.23 - 2.77）以及就业人群（AOR 1.34，CI：1.02 - 4.09）饮酒的几率更高。此外，45 - 69岁的受访者（AOR 4.45，CI：1.79 - 10.99）和已婚者（AOR 3.77，CI：1.76 - 7.44）与超重和/或肥胖有关。此外，在多变量分析中，年龄（AOR 5.04，CI：1.34 - 17.98）和就业状况（AOR 1.78，CI：1.67 - 3.09）与血压升高显著相关。解读与结论 研究人群中非传染性疾病风险因素的高患病率表明，有必要通过提高对吸烟和饮酒危害的认识以及教育人们了解身体活动和健康饮食的益处来促进健康。
