Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse.
Division of Non-communicable Disease, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Dec 16;37:351. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.351.21167. eCollection 2020.
non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are projected to become the leading cause of death in Africa by 2030. Gender and socio-economic differences influence the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.
we performed a secondary analysis of the STEPS 2015 data to determine prevalence and correlation between diabetes, hypertension, harmful alcohol use, smoking, obesity and injuries across age, gender, residence and socio-economic strata.
tobacco use prevalence was 13.5% (males 19.9%, females 0.9%, p<0.001); harmful alcohol use was 12.6% (males 18.1%, females 2.2%, p<0.001); central obesity was 27.9% (females 49.5%, males 32.9%, p=0.017); type 2 diabetes prevalence 3.1% (males 2.0%, females 2.8%, p=0.048); elevated blood pressure prevalence was 23.8% (males 25.1%, females 22.6%, p<0.001), non-use of helmets 72.8% (males 89.5%, females 56.0%, p=0.031) and seat belts non-use 67.9% (males 79.8%, females 56.0%, p=0.027). Respondents with <12 years of formal education had higher prevalence of non-use of helmets (81.7% versus 54.1%, p=0.03) and seat belts (73.0% versus 53.9%, p=0.039). Respondents in the highest wealth quintile had higher prevalence of type II diabetes compared with those in the lowest (5.2% versus 1.6%,p=0.008). Rural dwellers had 35% less odds of tobacco use (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49, 0.86) compared with urban dwellers, those with ≥12 years of formal education had 89% less odds of tobacco use (aOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.07, 0.17) compared with <12 years, and those belonging to the wealthiest quintile had 64% higher odds of unhealthy diets (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.26, 2.14). Only 44% of respondents with type II diabetes and 16% with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis.
prevalence of NCD risk factors is high in Kenya and varies across socio-demographic attributes. Socio-demographic considerations should form part of multi-sectoral, integrated approach to reduce the NCD burden in Kenya.
预计到 2030 年，非传染性疾病（NCDs）将成为非洲的主要死因。性别和社会经济差异影响 NCD 的流行及其危险因素。
我们对 STEPS 2015 数据进行了二次分析，以确定糖尿病、高血压、有害饮酒、吸烟、肥胖和损伤在年龄、性别、居住和社会经济阶层之间的患病率和相关性。
烟草使用率为 13.5%（男性 19.9%，女性 0.9%，p<0.001）；有害饮酒率为 12.6%（男性 18.1%，女性 2.2%，p<0.001）；中心性肥胖率为 27.9%（女性 49.5%，男性 32.9%，p=0.017）；2 型糖尿病患病率为 3.1%（男性 2.0%，女性 2.8%，p=0.048）；高血压患病率为 23.8%（男性 25.1%，女性 22.6%，p<0.001），不使用头盔率为 72.8%（男性 89.5%，女性 56.0%，p=0.031），不使用安全带率为 67.9%（男性 79.8%，女性 56.0%，p=0.027）。受教育年限<12 年的受访者不使用头盔（81.7%对 54.1%，p=0.03）和安全带（73.0%对 53.9%，p=0.039）的比例较高。在最高财富五分位数的受访者中，2 型糖尿病的患病率比最低财富五分位数的受访者高（5.2%对 1.6%，p=0.008）。与城市居民相比，农村居民吸烟的可能性低 35%（优势比 0.65，95%置信区间 0.49，0.86），与受教育年限<12 年的居民相比，受教育年限≥12 年的居民吸烟的可能性低 89%（优势比 0.11，95%置信区间 0.07，0.17），而最富裕的五分位数的居民不健康饮食的可能性高 64%（优势比 1.64，95%置信区间 1.26，2.14）。只有 44%的 2 型糖尿病患者和 16%的高血压患者知道自己的诊断。
肯尼亚 NCD 危险因素的流行率很高，且因社会人口统计学特征而异。社会人口统计学因素应成为减少肯尼亚 NCD 负担的多部门、综合方法的一部分。
