Padmanaban Jagan, Kandasamy Annamalai, Venkatesan Elumalai Perumal, Sura Sreekanth, Saleel C Ahamed, Hasan Nasim, Zhenxiong Lin
Department of Automobile Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya University, Surampalem, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31574. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79073-z.
This study aims to reduce engine emissions while maintaining engine performance and providing a sustainable fuel source for long-term use. It introduces a novel approach by combining pine oil (PO) and lemon grass oil (LGO) with diesel fuel in a specific ratio (10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% Diesel). This work is innovative in that it employs these two distinct low-viscosity biofuel blends in conjunction with diesel fuel in an agricultural engine, resulting in reduced carbon footprints in the tailpipe. The blend tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine showed that using PO and LGO together reduced UHC emissions by 42.96%, CO emissions by 20.79%, and smoke emissions by 26.26%, while keeping the BTE the same. However, there was a 7.16% rise in NO emissions. To decrease NO emissions, antioxidants-250 mg of p-phenylene diamine (10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% + 250 mg PPDA) and 100 mg of butylated hydroxy toluene (10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% + 100 mg BHT) were added. The blends were injected at different injection pressures of 300 bar, 450 bar, and 600 bar, which can result in a reduction in NO emissions of up to 11.78% and 10.99% for B2 + 300 bar and B3 + 300 bar, respectively. We used the SWOT study to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the mixed fuel, and employed the PUGH Matrix decision tool to carry out the sustainability assessment. The results showed that the blend (10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% Diesel + Antioxidant + 600 bar) is a sustainable fuel, considering environmental, social, and economic factors to be more feasible than pure diesel.
本研究旨在减少发动机排放，同时保持发动机性能，并提供一种可持续的长期使用燃料源。它引入了一种新方法，即将松油（PO）和柠檬草油（LGO）按特定比例（10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% 柴油）与柴油混合。这项工作的创新之处在于，它在农业发动机中使用这两种不同的低粘度生物燃料混合物与柴油结合，从而减少了尾气中的碳足迹。在单缸柴油发动机中测试的混合燃料表明，同时使用PO和LGO可使未燃碳氢化合物排放减少42.96%，一氧化碳排放减少20.79%，烟雾排放减少26.26%，同时保持制动热效率不变。然而，氮氧化物排放增加了7.16%。为了减少氮氧化物排放，添加了抗氧化剂——250毫克对苯二胺（10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% + 250毫克PPDA）和100毫克丁基化羟基甲苯（10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% + 100毫克BHT）。这些混合物在300巴、450巴和600巴的不同喷射压力下喷射，对于B2 + 300巴和B3 + 300巴，可分别使氮氧化物排放减少高达11.78%和10.99%。我们使用SWOT研究来评估混合燃料的优缺点，并使用PUGH矩阵决策工具进行可持续性评估。结果表明，考虑到环境、社会和经济因素，混合燃料（10% PO + 10% LGO + 80% 柴油 + 抗氧化剂 + 600巴）比纯柴油更可行，是一种可持续燃料。
