Dhiman Diksha, Vishvamitera Sakshi, Baghla Sidharth, Singh Sanatsujat, Kumar Dinesh, Kumar Ashok, Chauhan Ramesh
Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):32075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83824-3.
Balanced plant nutrition and optimal micro-climate are critical for achieving higher production sustainably. Substituting mineral fertilizers with organic amendments under water-conserving strategies like mulch can enhance the quality and yield and improve soil health. Therefore, a two-year study was conducted to examine the synergistic effects of mulch and reducing inorganic fertilizers and partially substituting organic amendments on essential oil (EO) yield and its composition, and soil properties in Salvia sclarea, an industrially important crop. Two mulching practices (M: without mulch; M: with mulch) and five nitrogen (N) management practices [N: control; N: 100% recommended dose of N i.e.,120 kg/ha; N: 25% N through chemical fertilizer (CF) + 75% N through farm yard manure (FYM); N: 50% N through CF + 50% N through FYM, N: 75% N through CF + 25% N through FYM] were taken as experimental treatments, with a total of ten treatment combinations in a split-plot design during 2021-22 and 2022-23. The results showed that applying mulch increased the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and EO yield. Among N management practices, N outperformed for all the morpho-physiological and yield parameters studied except stem diameter and produced at par outcomes with N in case of flower spike per plant, LAI, chlorophyll a and b, flower spike yield, EO content and yield. Optimum soil temperature and moisture under mulching modulate the nutrient concentration; similarly, N being necessary for photosynthesis, translocation of nutrients, enzymatic activity, and vegetative and reproductive growth, synergistically enhanced the EO yield and altered the composition. The heat map displayed an inconsistent pattern of the treatment combination's impact on EO components. In soil properties, treatment N recorded highest value of available N at 0-0.15 m soil depth; however, at 0.15-0.30 m, N registered a higher value and produced at par results with N. In case of potassium and soil organic carbon, T recorded higher value, followed by T and T at 0-0.15 m. Considering the soil health and without compromising the EO yield much, the present study suggested replacing 25% of recommended chemical N with organic manures under mulch for sustainable and economical production of S. sclarea.
平衡的植物营养和最佳微气候对于可持续实现更高产量至关重要。在诸如覆盖等节水策略下,用有机改良剂替代矿物肥料可以提高质量和产量,并改善土壤健康状况。因此,开展了一项为期两年的研究,以考察覆盖与减少无机肥料以及部分替代有机改良剂对工业上重要作物鼠尾草精油产量及其成分以及土壤性质的协同效应。两种覆盖措施(M:无覆盖;M:有覆盖)和五种氮(N)管理措施 [N:对照;N:100% 推荐施氮量,即 120 千克/公顷;N:25% 的氮通过化肥(CF)+ 75% 的氮通过农家肥(FYM);N:50% 的氮通过 CF + 50% 的氮通过 FYM;N:75% 的氮通过 CF + 25% 的氮通过 FYM] 被用作试验处理,在 2021 - 22 年和 2022 - 23 年期间采用裂区设计,共有十种处理组合。结果表明,覆盖可增加株高、叶面积指数(LAI)和精油产量。在氮管理措施中,除茎直径外,N 在所有研究的形态生理和产量参数方面表现最佳,在单株花穗、LAI、叶绿素 a 和 b、花穗产量、精油含量和产量方面与 N 产生相当的结果。覆盖下适宜的土壤温度和湿度调节了养分浓度;同样,氮对于光合作用、养分转运、酶活性以及营养和生殖生长是必需的,协同提高了精油产量并改变了成分。热图显示处理组合对精油成分的影响模式不一致。在土壤性质方面,处理 N 在 0 - 0.15 米土壤深度处有效氮含量最高;然而,在 0.15 - 0.30 米处,N 记录的值更高,与 N 产生相当的结果。在钾和土壤有机碳方面,T 在 0 - 0.15 米处记录的值更高,其次是 T 和 T。考虑到土壤健康状况且不显著降低精油产量,本研究建议在覆盖下用有机肥料替代 25% 的推荐化学氮肥,以实现鼠尾草的可持续和经济生产。