Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, India.
Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Jun 7;24(1):510. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05241-y.
Optimum planting date and appropriate fertilizer module are essential facets of chrysanthemum cultivation, to enhance quality yield, and improve soil health. A field-based study was undertaken over multiple growing seasons in 2022 and 2023, where six different planting dates, viz., P:June 15, P:June 30, P:July 15, P:July 30, P:August 15 and P:August 30 and two fertilizer modules, FM:Jeevamrit @ 30 ml plant and FM:NPK @ 30 g m were systematically examined using a Randomized Block Design (factorial), replicated thrice.
P planting resulted in early bud formation (44.03 days) and harvesting stage (90.78 days). Maximum plant height (79.44 cm), plant spread (34.04 cm), cut stem length (68.40 cm), flower diameter (7.83 cm), stem strength (19.38˚), vase life (14.90 days), flowering duration (24.08 days), available soil N (314 kg ha), available P (37 kg ha), available K (347 kg ha), bacterial count (124.87 × 10 cfu g soil), actinomycetes count (60.72 × 10 cfu g soil), fungal count (30.95 × 10 cfu g soil), microbial biomass (48.79 µg g soil), dehydrogenase enzyme (3.64 mg TPF h g soil) and phosphatase enzyme (23.79 mol PNP h g soil) was recorded in P planting. Among the fertilization module, minimum days to bud formation (74.94 days) and days to reach the harvesting stage (120.95 days) were recorded with the application of NPK @30 g m. However, maximum plant height (60.62 cm), plant spread (23.10 cm), number of cut stems m (43.88), cut stem length (51.34 cm), flower diameter (6.92 cm), stem strength (21.24˚), flowering duration (21.75 days), available soil N (317 kg ha), available P (37 kg ha) and available K (349 kg ha) were also recorded with the application of NPK @300 kg ha. Maximum vase life (13.87 days), OC (1.13%), bacterial count (131.65 × 10 cfu g soil), actinomycetes count (60.89 × 10 cfu g soil), fungal count (31.11 × 10 cfu g soil), microbial biomass (51.27 µg g soil), dehydrogenase enzyme (3.77 mg TPF h g soil) and phosphatase enzyme (21.72 mol PNP h g soil) were observed with the application of Jeevamrit @ 30 ml plant.
Early planting (P) and inorganic fertilization (NPK @ 30 g m) resulted in improved yield and soil macronutrient content. The soil microbial population and enzymatic activity were improved with the jeevamrit application. This approach highlights the potential for improved yield and soil health in chrysanthemum cultivation, promoting a more eco-friendly and economically viable agricultural model.
菊花种植中，最佳种植日期和适当的肥料模块是至关重要的方面，可以提高产量和改善土壤健康。本研究于 2022 年和 2023 年在多个生长季节进行了田间试验，研究了 6 个不同的种植日期（P1：6 月 15 日、P2：6 月 30 日、P3：7 月 15 日、P4：7 月 30 日、P5：8 月 15 日和 P6：8 月 30 日）和 2 种肥料模块（FM1：Jeevamrit@30ml 植物和 FM2：NPK@30g m），采用随机区组设计（因子），重复 3 次。
P 种植可提前形成花蕾（44.03 天）和收获期（90.78 天）。最高的株高（79.44cm）、植株展开度（34.04cm）、切枝长度（68.40cm）、花径（7.83cm）、茎强度（19.38°）、瓶插寿命（14.90 天）、开花持续时间（24.08 天）、土壤有效氮（314kg ha）、有效磷（37kg ha）、有效钾（347kg ha）、细菌计数（124.87×10cfu g 土壤）、放线菌计数（60.72×10cfu g 土壤）、真菌计数（30.95×10cfu g 土壤）、微生物生物量（48.79μg g 土壤）、脱氢酶活性（3.64mg TPF h g 土壤）和磷酸酶活性（23.79mol PNP h g 土壤）在 P 种植中记录。在施肥模块中，使用 NPK@30g m 时，记录到形成花蕾的最短天数（74.94 天）和达到收获阶段的最短天数（120.95 天）。然而，最高的株高（60.62cm）、植株展开度（23.10cm）、切枝数（43.88 个）、切枝长度（51.34cm）、花径（6.92cm）、茎强度（21.24°）、开花持续时间（21.75 天）、土壤有效氮（317kg ha）、有效磷（37kg ha）和有效钾（349kg ha）也记录在使用 NPK@300kg ha 时。使用 Jeevamrit@30ml 植物时，记录到最长的瓶插寿命（13.87 天）、有机质（OC）（1.13%）、细菌计数（131.65×10cfu g 土壤）、放线菌计数（60.89×10cfu g 土壤）、真菌计数（31.11×10cfu g 土壤）、微生物生物量（51.27μg g 土壤）、脱氢酶活性（3.77mg TPF h g 土壤）和磷酸酶活性（21.72mol PNP h g 土壤）。
早期种植（P）和无机施肥（NPK@30g m）可提高产量和土壤大量营养成分。Jeevamrit 的应用提高了土壤微生物种群和酶活性。该方法突出了提高菊花种植产量和土壤健康的潜力，促进了更环保和经济可行的农业模式。
