ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248195, Uttarakhand, India.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jyolokot, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 20;11(1):18664. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98209-z.
India produces around 19.0 million tonnes of tomatoes annually, which is insufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand. A big gap of tomato productivity (72.14 t ha) between India (24.66 t ha) and the USA (96.8 t ha) exist, which can be bridged by integrating trellis system of shoot training, shoot pruning, liquid fertilizers, farmyard manure, and mulching technologies. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted on tomato (cv. Himsona) during 2019-2020 at farmers' fields to improve tomato productivity and quality. There were five treatments laid in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications; T [Farmer practice on the flatbed with RDF @ N:P:K + FYM @6.0 t ha without mulch], T [T + Polythene mulch (50 microns)], T [Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 8.0 t ha + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + Liquid Fertilizer (LF-N:P:K) @ 2.0 g l for vegetative growth + Liquid Fertilizer (LF-N: P: K) @ 1.5 g l for improving fruit quality], T [Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 8.0 t ha + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + LF @ 4.0 g l + LF @ 3.0 g l], and T [Tomato plants grown on the raised bed with polythene mulch + FYM @ 10.0 t ha + Single shoot trellis system + Side shoot pruning + LF @ 6.0 g l + LF @ 4.5 g l]. The results revealed that tomato plant grown on the raised beds with polythene mulch, shoot pruning, trellising, liquid fertilizers, and farmyard manure (i.e., T) recorded higher shoot length, dry matter content, and tomato productivity by 20.75-141.21, 18.79-169.4, and 18.89-160.87% as compared to T-T treatments, respectively. The T treatment also recorded the highest water productivity (28.39 kg m), improved fruit qualities, net return (10,751 USD ha), benefit-cost ratio (3.08), microbial population, and enzymatic activities as compared to other treatments. The ranking and hierarchical clustering of treatments confirmed the superiority of the T treatment over all other treatments.
印度每年生产约 1900 万吨番茄，但仍不足以满足不断增长的需求。印度（24.66 吨/公顷）和美国（96.8 吨/公顷）之间番茄生产力（72.14 吨/公顷）存在很大差距，可以通过整合番茄整枝打杈、修剪侧枝、液肥、厩肥和覆盖技术来弥合这一差距。因此，本试验于 2019-2020 年在农民田间的番茄（cv. Himsona）上进行，以提高番茄的生产力和品质。采用随机区组设计（RBD），设 5 个处理，每个处理 3 次重复；T [常规平床种植，施用 RDF @ N：P：K + 厩肥 6.0 吨/公顷，不覆盖地膜]、T [T + 50 微米厚的聚乙烯地膜覆盖]、T [在有聚乙烯地膜覆盖的高垄上种植番茄，施用 8.0 吨/公顷的厩肥，单蔓整枝，修剪侧枝，在营养生长阶段施用液肥（LF-N：P：K）2.0 g/L，在改善果实品质阶段施用液肥（LF-N：P：K）1.5 g/L]、T [在有聚乙烯地膜覆盖的高垄上种植番茄，施用 8.0 吨/公顷的厩肥，单蔓整枝，修剪侧枝，在营养生长阶段施用液肥 LF-N：P：K 4.0 g/L，在改善果实品质阶段施用液肥 LF-N：P：K 3.0 g/L]和 T [在有聚乙烯地膜覆盖的高垄上种植番茄，施用 10.0 吨/公顷的厩肥，单蔓整枝，修剪侧枝，在营养生长阶段和改善果实品质阶段均施用液肥 LF-N：P：K 6.0 g/L 和 LF-N：P：K 4.5 g/L]。结果表明，与 T-T 处理相比，在有聚乙烯地膜覆盖的高垄上种植番茄、修剪侧枝、整枝、施用液肥和厩肥（即 T 处理）的番茄植株生长高度、干物质含量和番茄产量分别增加了 20.75-141.21%、18.79-169.4%和 18.89-160.87%。T 处理的水分生产率（28.39 kg/m）最高，果实品质、净收益（10751 美元/公顷）、效益成本比（3.08）、微生物种群和酶活性也最高。处理的分级聚类证实了 T 处理明显优于其他处理。
