Abdoshah Shima, Bakhshi Davood, Farhangi Mohammad Bagher
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
J Sci Food Agric. 2025 Apr;105(6):3355-3363. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.14093. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
Relatively few studies have explored the impact of biofertilizers on the qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron despite its global agricultural and medical importance. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and phytochemical responses of saffron to potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and iron-zinc (Fe-Zn) biofertilizers over 2 consecutive years (2022-2023). The treatments included single and combined applications of K, P, and Fe-Zn biofertilizers containing active bacterial inoculum, along with a control group, resulting in a total of eight treatments. Biofertilizers were applied at a rate of 0.5 L per hectare by fertigation in mid-February. Flowering began in mid-November in both 2022 and 2023, lasting approximately 3 weeks, during which data were collected.
The highest flower count (3.5 times greater than the control group), longest flowering duration (2.4 times longer than the control group), greatest stigma dry weight (3.2 times higher than the control group), and highest flowering rate (1.2 times greater than the control group) were recorded in the second year application of the K + Fe-Zn treatment. The K + Fe-Zn treatment also enhanced quality traits significantly, including total phenolic content (1.11 g kg; an increase of 1.1 times relative to the control), anthocyanin (977 mg kg, an increase of 8.4 times), crocin (126.9 g kg, an increase of 1.2 times), picrocrocin (59.8 g kg, an increase of 1.2 times), and safranal (1.8 g kg, an increase of 3.3 times).
Overall, the 2 year application of K + Fe-Zn solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer improved both the qualitative and quantitative traits of saffron markedly, underscoring its potential importance in sustainable saffron cultivation in mineral-fortified soils. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
尽管藏红花在全球农业和医学领域具有重要地位，但相对较少的研究探讨了生物肥料对藏红花定性和定量产量的影响。本研究旨在评估连续两年（2022 - 2023年）藏红花对钾（K）、磷（P）和铁锌（Fe - Zn）生物肥料的生理和植物化学响应。处理包括钾、磷和铁锌生物肥料的单一及组合施用，其中生物肥料含有活性细菌接种物，同时设置了一个对照组，共产生八个处理。生物肥料于2月中旬通过施肥灌溉以每公顷0.5升的用量施用。2022年和2023年11月中旬开始开花，持续约3周，在此期间收集数据。
在第二年施用钾 + 铁锌处理中，记录到最高的花朵数量（比对照组多3.5倍）、最长的开花持续时间（比对照组长2.4倍）、最大的柱头干重（比对照组高3.2倍）以及最高的开花率（比对照组高1.2倍）。钾 + 铁锌处理还显著提高了品质性状，包括总酚含量（1.11克/千克；相对于对照组增加了1.1倍）、花青素（977毫克/千克，增加了8.4倍）、藏花素（126.9克/千克，增加了1.2倍）、苦藏花素（59.8克/千克，增加了1.2倍）和藏红花醛（1.8克/千克，增加了3.3倍）。
总体而言，连续两年施用钾 + 铁锌解磷细菌作为生物肥料显著改善了藏红花的定性和定量性状，突出了其在富含矿物质土壤中藏红花可持续种植中的潜在重要性。© 2024化学工业协会。
