Mahmoudi Parvaneh, Moieni Ahmad, Khayam Nekouei Mojtaba, Mardi Mohsen, Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem
Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 13;20(1):e0317186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317186. eCollection 2025.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has held significant cultural and medicinal value since the Greek-Minoan civilization. As a triploid spice with vegetative propagation from the Iridaceae family, the three-branch style of C. sativus flowers, known as saffron, constitutes the most economically valuable part of the plant, renowned for its diverse medicinal properties. This study explores the in vitro induction of stigma-like structures (SLSs) from various explants of the Ghaen ecotype flower. The study found that the optimal sampling time for the majority of explants was the third week of October. Ovary explants exhibiting a prolonged response to hormonal treatments for the production of SLSs. Furthermore, intact, and injury ovary explants were found to be the most effective explant types for inducing SLSs. The explants were cultured on MS, 1/2MS, LS and B5 basal media supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The results indicated that the B5 medium, enriched with 5-10 mg/ L BAP and 5-10 mg/ L NAA was the most effective treatment for inducing SLSs in all types of explants. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of saffron compounds in SLSs indicated similarities with natural saffron, albeit at significant lower concentrations: crocin (up to 10.2 mg/g), picrocrocin (up to 4.8 mg/g), and safranal (up to 9.7 mg/g). The highest accumulation of the three studied secondary metabolites was observed in the SLSs of style (24.4 mg/g), stigma (28.3 mg/g), and ovary (21.4 mg/g) explants, respectively. This study introduces a comprehensive procedure for producing SLSs containing the three most important metabolites of saffron for the first time.
自希腊-米诺斯文明以来，藏红花（番红花）就具有重要的文化和药用价值。作为鸢尾科的一种通过营养繁殖的三倍体香料，藏红花花的三叉花柱是该植物最具经济价值的部分，因其多样的药用特性而闻名。本研究探索了从加恩生态型花的各种外植体中体外诱导柱头样结构（SLS）。研究发现，大多数外植体的最佳采样时间是10月的第三周。子房外植体对用于产生SLS的激素处理表现出延长的反应。此外，完整和受伤的子房外植体被发现是诱导SLS最有效的外植体类型。外植体在添加了各种组合和浓度植物生长调节剂的MS、1/2MS、LS和B5基本培养基上培养。结果表明，添加5-10mg/L苄氨基嘌呤（BAP）和5-10mg/L萘乙酸（NAA）的B5培养基是诱导所有类型外植体产生SLS最有效的处理方法。对SLS中藏红花化合物的定量和定性分析表明，其与天然藏红花相似，尽管浓度显著较低：藏花素（高达10.2mg/g）、苦藏花素（高达4.8mg/g）和藏红花醛（高达9.7mg/g）。在所研究的三种次生代谢物中，分别在花柱（24.4mg/g）、柱头（28.3mg/g）和子房（21.4mg/g）外植体的SLS中观察到最高积累量。本研究首次引入了一种全面的方法来生产含有藏红花三种最重要代谢物的SLS。
