Kim Jeonghyun, Park Soyeon, Kim Jungseo, Kim Yewon, Yoon Hong Min, Rayhan Bima Rexa, Jeong Jaekwang, Bothwell Alfred L M, Shin Jae Hun
Institute of Advanced Bio-Industry Convergence, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Integrative Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea.
Exp Mol Med. 2025 Feb;57(1):1-12. doi: 10.1038/s12276-024-01364-2. Epub 2025 Jan 1.
Trogocytosis is a dynamic cellular process characterized by the exchange of the plasma membrane and associated cytosol during cell-to-cell interactions. Unlike phagocytosis, this transfer maintains the surface localization of transferred membrane molecules. For example, CD4 T cells engaging with antigen-presenting cells undergo trogocytosis, which facilitates the transfer of antigen-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from antigen-presenting cells to CD4 T cells. This transfer results in the formation of antigen-loaded MHC class II molecule-dressed CD4 T cells. These "dressed" CD4 T cells subsequently participate in antigen presentation to other CD4 T cells. Additionally, trogocytosis enables the acquisition of immune-regulatory molecules, such as CTLA-4 and Tim3, in recipient cells, thereby modulating their anti-tumor immunity. Concurrently, donor cells undergo plasma membrane loss, and substantial loss can trigger trogocytosis-mediated cell death, termed trogoptosis. This review aims to explore the trogocytosis-mediated transfer of immune regulatory molecules and their implications within the tumor microenvironment to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune evasion in cancers.
微吞噬作用是一种动态的细胞过程，其特征是在细胞间相互作用期间质膜和相关胞质溶胶的交换。与吞噬作用不同，这种转移维持了转移的膜分子的表面定位。例如，与抗原呈递细胞相互作用的CD4 T细胞会发生微吞噬作用，这有助于将负载抗原的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）II类分子从抗原呈递细胞转移到CD4 T细胞。这种转移导致形成负载抗原的MHC II类分子修饰的CD4 T细胞。这些“修饰”的CD4 T细胞随后参与向其他CD4 T细胞的抗原呈递。此外，微吞噬作用使受体细胞能够获取免疫调节分子，如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）和T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3（Tim3），从而调节其抗肿瘤免疫力。同时，供体细胞会发生质膜损失，大量损失可触发微吞噬作用介导的细胞死亡，称为微吞噬凋亡。本综述旨在探讨微吞噬作用介导的免疫调节分子转移及其在肿瘤微环境中的意义，以阐明癌症免疫逃逸的潜在机制。
