González-Carballo Carlos, Kuri-Morales Pablo, Chiquete Erwin, Rojas-Russell Mario, Santacruz-Benitez Rogelio, Ramirez-Reyes Raúl, Garcilazo-Ávila Adrián, Berumen Jaime, Trichia Eirini, Friedrichs Louisa Gnatiuc, Orellana Paulina, Ochoa-Rosales Carolina, O'Donovan Gary, Emberson Jonathan R, Tapia-Conyer Roberto, Aguilar-Ramirez Diego, Alegre-Díaz Jesus
Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148. Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc. CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnológico, Monterrey, 64849, N.L, México.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 31;24(1):3620. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21093-5.
There is limited population-based evidence on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexico, a country with a rapidly aging population and where key risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, are common. This study describes the distribution of cognitive impairment in adults from Mexico City.
This cross-sectional population-based study included participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study which recruited 150,000 adults aged ≥ 35 years in 1998-2004. In 2015-2019 about 10,000 survivors were resurveyed with identical information from the original survey and additional assessments including a cognitive assessment. The main analyses included those aged 50-89 years with complete cognitive assessment and covariate data at resurvey. Cognitive impairment was defined by a score ≤ 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The distribution of MMSE scores and cognitive impairment by age, sex, and major disease risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, and adiposity) was analyzed among those with complete MMSE data and some degree of self-reported formal education.
Of the 9,288 participants aged 50-89 years at the 2015-2019 resurvey with complete data, 8,197 reported having at least some years of formal education. Among these (mean age 66 years; 31% men), their mean MMSE score was 26.2 (SD 3.6) points, 1,941 (24%) had cognitive impairment, their mean body-mass index (BMI) was 28.6 (SD 5.5) kg/m, 3,008 (37%) had hypertension and 2,467 (30%) had diabetes. The sex- and district-standardised prevalence of cognitive impairment increased strongly with age, from 10% in those 50-59 years to 55% in those aged 80-89. At any given age, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in women than in men. After accounting for the effects of age, sex, and district there was little difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment between participants with or without diabetes, hypertension, overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 km/m), or high levels of fat mass.
In this population of adults aged 50-89 years from Mexico City, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was high, particularly among women. The extent to which cognitive impairment relates to health outcomes in this population needs to be investigated.
在墨西哥，关于认知障碍患病率的基于人群的证据有限。墨西哥是一个人口快速老龄化的国家，糖尿病和肥胖等关键风险因素很常见。本研究描述了墨西哥城成年人认知障碍的分布情况。
这项基于人群的横断面研究纳入了来自墨西哥城前瞻性研究的参与者，该研究在1998 - 2004年招募了150,000名年龄≥35岁的成年人。在2015 - 2019年，对约10,000名幸存者进行了重新调查，调查内容包括与原始调查相同的信息以及额外评估，其中包括认知评估。主要分析包括在重新调查时年龄在50 - 89岁且有完整认知评估和协变量数据的人群。认知障碍由简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）得分≤24分定义。在有完整MMSE数据和一定程度自我报告正规教育的人群中，分析了MMSE得分以及按年龄、性别和主要疾病风险因素（糖尿病、高血压和肥胖）划分的认知障碍分布情况。
在2015 - 2019年重新调查时有完整数据的9,288名50 - 89岁参与者中，8,197人报告至少接受过一些正规教育。在这些人中（平均年龄66岁；男性占31%），他们的平均MMSE得分为26.2（标准差3.6）分，1,941人（24%）有认知障碍，他们的平均体重指数（BMI）为28.6（标准差5.5）kg/m²，3,008人（37%）患有高血压，2,467人（30%）患有糖尿病。按性别和地区标准化的认知障碍患病率随年龄大幅上升，从50 - 59岁人群中的10%升至80 - 89岁人群中的55%。在任何给定年龄，女性的认知障碍患病率均高于男性。在考虑年龄、性别和地区的影响后，患有或未患有糖尿病、高血压、超重或肥胖（BMI≥25kg/m²）或高体脂水平的参与者之间，认知障碍患病率几乎没有差异。
在墨西哥城这群50 - 89岁的成年人中，认知障碍患病率很高，尤其是在女性中。该人群中认知障碍与健康结果之间的关联程度有待研究。
