Khatiebi Sandra, Kiprotich Kelvin, Onyando Zedekiah, Mwaura John, Wekesa Clabe, Chi Celestine N, Mulambalah Chrispinus, Okoth Patrick
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya.
Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agrisciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
J Trop Med. 2024 Dec 23;2024:7857069. doi: 10.1155/jotm/7857069. eCollection 2024.
A diverse range of pollutants, including heavy metals, agrochemicals, pharmaceutical residues, illicit drugs, personal care products, and other anthropogenic contaminants, pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. The Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, heavily impacted by surrounding human activities, faces potential contamination from these pollutants. However, studies exploring the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the lake remain limited. In the current study, a shotgun metagenomics approach was employed to identify ARGs and related pathways. Genomic DNA was extracted from water and sediment samples and sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina NovaSeq platform. Additionally, phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assessed using the disk diffusion method with commonly used antibiotics. The analysis of metagenomes sequences from the Gulf ecosystem and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) revealed worrying levels of ARGs in the lake. The study reported nine ARGs from the 37 high-risk resistant gene families previously documented by the World Health Organization (WHO). had the highest relative abundance of antibiotic resistance (53%), (4%), (2%), , (2%), and other unclassified bacteria (39%). Genes that target protection, replacement, change, and antibiotic-resistant efflux were listed in order of dominance. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed antibiotic resistance to beta-lactamase and vancomycin. Phenotypic resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and penicillin was reported through the zone of inhibition. This study highlights that the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Kenya harbors a diverse array of antibiotic-resistant genes, including those conferring multidrug resistance. These findings suggest that the Gulf could be serving as a reservoir for more antibiotic-resistant genes, posing potential risks to both human health and aquatic biodiversity. The insights gained from this research can guide policy development for managing antibiotic resistance in Kenya.
包括重金属、农用化学品、药物残留、非法药物、个人护理产品和其他人为污染物在内的各种污染物，对水生生态系统构成了重大威胁。受周边人类活动严重影响的维多利亚湖维纳姆湾，面临着这些污染物的潜在污染。然而，探索该湖中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）存在情况的研究仍然有限。在当前的研究中，采用了鸟枪法宏基因组学方法来鉴定ARGs及其相关途径。从水和沉积物样本中提取基因组DNA，并使用高通量Illumina NovaSeq平台进行测序。此外，使用常用抗生素的纸片扩散法评估表型抗生素抗性。对海湾生态系统的宏基因组序列和综合抗生素抗性数据库（CARD）的分析揭示了该湖中令人担忧的ARGs水平。该研究报告了世界卫生组织（WHO）先前记录的37个高风险抗性基因家族中的9个ARGs。抗生素抗性相对丰度最高的是（53%），（4%），（2%），，（2%），以及其他未分类细菌（39%）。针对保护、替换、改变和抗生素抗性外排的基因按优势顺序列出。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径分析揭示了对β-内酰胺酶和万古霉素的抗生素抗性。通过抑菌圈报告了对万古霉素、四环素、磺胺甲恶唑、红霉素、甲氧苄啶、四环素和青霉素的表型抗性。这项研究强调，肯尼亚维多利亚湖的维纳姆湾含有各种各样的抗生素抗性基因，包括那些赋予多重耐药性的基因。这些发现表明，该海湾可能是更多抗生素抗性基因的储存库，对人类健康和水生生物多样性都构成潜在风险。从这项研究中获得的见解可以指导肯尼亚管理抗生素抗性的政策制定。
