Wellen C J
J Speech Hear Disord. 1985 Feb;50(1):84-99. doi: 10.1044/jshd.5001.84.
Mothers told stories to their children, inserting 30 questions about each story under two conditions. In one situation, mothers were alone with their younger child, and in the other condition, an older sibling was also present. During the question-answer interactions, older siblings responded to 60%-65% of all mothers' questions before younger children had a chance to respond and provided direct answers to the questions in 57%-65% of those instances. Mothers responded by producing fewer rephrased questions, fewer questions providing hints and answers, fewer questions functioning as repetitions and expansions, and more directly repeated questions when the older sibling was present. The effect of older siblings' first responses also reduced by half the number of younger children's utterances. The younger children produced fewer noncontent and content answers and more imitated answers in the presence of the older sibling. It is concluded that the presence of older siblings may influence the language young children hear and produce.
母亲们给孩子们讲故事，并在两种情况下针对每个故事插入30个问题。一种情况是，母亲单独和年幼的孩子在一起；另一种情况是，年长的兄弟姐妹也在场。在问答互动中，年长的兄弟姐妹在年幼的孩子有机会回答之前，回答了所有母亲问题的60%-65%，并在其中57%-65%的情况下直接回答了问题。当有年长的兄弟姐妹在场时，母亲们会减少重新措辞的问题、提供提示和答案的问题、用作重复和扩展的问题，以及更多直接重复的问题。年长兄弟姐妹的首次回答的影响也使年幼孩子的话语数量减少了一半。在有年长兄弟姐妹在场的情况下，年幼的孩子给出的非内容性和内容性答案更少，模仿性答案更多。研究得出结论，年长兄弟姐妹的存在可能会影响幼儿所听到和说出的语言。
